Large animal canine endovascular ischemic stroke models: A review

Atchaneeyasakul, Kunakorn; Guada, Luis; Ramdas, Kevin; Watanabe, Manabu; Bhattacharya, Pallab; Raval, Ami P.; Yavagal, Dileep R.

doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.006

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Only few studies reported vertebral artery or basilar artery occlusion models in NHPs with endovascular techniques. Based on reports from canine models, studies have found that vertebral or basilar artery occlusion models exhibited a severe and fatal neurological deficit, making it difficult to study the clinical and pathophysiological effects of such strokes [64]. Thus, there is a need to develop additional NHP models that can help simulate clinical consequences of vertebral and basilar artery strokes in human.…”

Section: Abnormal Hemodynamics Occlusion Site and Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endovascular Ischemic Stroke Models in Nonhuman Primates

Chandra

Chen

et al. 2018

Neurotherapeutics

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To bridge the gap between rodent and human studies, the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable committee suggests that nonhuman primates (NHPs) be used for preclinical, translational stroke studies. Owing to the fact that vast majority of ischemic strokes are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel eventually leading to brain infarction, ischemia induced by endovascular methods closely mimics thromboembolic or thrombotic cerebrovascular occlusion in patients. This review will make a thorough summary of transient or permanent occlusions of a cerebral blood vessel in NHPs using endovascular methods. Then, advantages and disadvantages, and potential applications will be analyzed for each kind of models. Additionally, we also make a further analysis based on different kinds of emboli, various occlusion sites, infract size, abnormal hemodynamics, and potential dysfunctions. Experimental models of ischemic stroke in NHPs are valuable tools to analyze specific facets of stroke in patients, especially those induced by endovascular methods.

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Section: Abnormal Hemodynamics Occlusion Site and Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endovascular Ischemic Stroke Models in Nonhuman Primates

Chandra

Chen

et al. 2018

Neurotherapeutics

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“…A variety of large animal species have been utilized as pre-clinical models for cerebrovascular disease therapy testing, particularly for stroke research, including ovis, swine, felines, leporidae and non-human primates [ 6 ]. Smaller animals such as rodents, felines and leporidae have arterial systems too small for direct cerebral catheterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smaller animals such as rodents, felines and leporidae have arterial systems too small for direct cerebral catheterization. Canines have favorable arterial anatomy, a gyrencephalic brain with grey/white matter similar to humans and lack a cervical arterial rete mirabile (present in swine) [ 6 ]. Other groups have developed endovascular permanent MCA occlusion stroke models in canines via thrombus injection into the cervical ICA and distal embolization to the target vessel [ 7 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canines as animal models for cerebrovascular research exhibit a number of favorable traits. They are reliable under anesthesia, have excellent long-term survival, and possess vessel sizes comparable to humans [ 6 ]. As such, canines have been used as models for the testing and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases [ 2 , 6 - 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although descriptions of canine cerebral arterial supply and cranial blood flow exists [ 6 ], there is no singular resource that provides a complete and detailed description of canine cerebral vasculature and there is limited data regarding the feasibility of endovascular cerebral vasculature access for selective IA therapy delivery. During a parallel study focusing on the in-vivo testing of a novel IA cerebral glioma therapy [ 14 ], we sought to determine the feasibility of transarterial access to the canine cerebral circulation and the ability to perform selective and superselective catheterization of these vessels while obtaining detailed angiographic images and measurements of the canine cerebral vasculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine Model for Selective and Superselective Cerebral Intra-Arterial Therapy Testing

Camstra¹,

Srinivasan²,

Collins³

et al. 2020

Neurointervention

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Purpose: With advancing endovascular technology and increasing interest in minimally invasive intra-arterial therapies such as stem cell and chemotherapy for cerebral disease, the establishment of a translational model with cerebral circulation accessible to microcatheters is needed. We report our experience catheterizing canine cerebral circulation with microcatheters, present high-resolution angiographic images of the canine vascular anatomy, describe arterial branch flow patterns and provide measurements of canine arterial conduits.Materials and Methods: Angiograms were performed on 10 intact purpose-bred hounds. Angiography, measurements of arterial conduits and catheterization information for intracranial arterial branches were obtained.Results: Selective and superselective cerebral angiography was successful in all subjects. Relevant arterial mean diameters include the femoral (4.64 mm), aorta (9.38 mm), external carotid (3.65 mm), internal carotid arteries (1.6 mm), vertebrobasilar system and Circle of Willis branches. Catheterization of the Circle of Willis was achieved via the posterior circulation in all subjects tested (n=3) and the use of flow directed microcatheters resulted in reduced arterial tree deformation and improved superselection of intracranial vessels. Catheterization of the intracranial circulation was attempted but not achieved via the internal carotid artery (n=7) due to its tortuosity and subsequent catheter related vasospasm.Conclusion: The canine cerebral vasculature is posterior circulation dominant. Anterior circulation angiography is achievable via the internal carotid artery, but direct cerebral arterial access is best achieved via the posterior circulation using flow-directed microcatheters. It is feasible to deliver intra-arterial therapies to selective vascular territories within the canine cerebral circulation, thus making it a viable animal model for testing novel intra-arterial cerebral treatments.

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The Trouble with Animal Models in Brain Research

Johnson

2020

Neuroethics and Nonhuman Animals

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Large animal canine endovascular ischemic stroke models: A review

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Endovascular Ischemic Stroke Models in Nonhuman Primates

Endovascular Ischemic Stroke Models in Nonhuman Primates

Canine Model for Selective and Superselective Cerebral Intra-Arterial Therapy Testing

The Trouble with Animal Models in Brain Research

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