Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Azarpazhooh, Amir; Lawrence, Herenia P.; Shah, Prakeshkumar S

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007095.pub3

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…92 A recent Cochrane review found a 25% reduced risk of AOM (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65–0.88) in otherwise healthy children receiving xylitol compared with controls. 96 Despite these findings, the clinical relevance of xylitol is limited by the need for frequent dosing (5 times daily in most studies), frequent gastrointestinal side effects, and poor compliance.…”

Section: Complementary and Alternative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Concepts in Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children

Rettig

Tunkel

2014

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America

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Section: Complementary and Alternative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Concepts in Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children

Rettig

Tunkel

2014

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America

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“…Of the 5 reviews that reported the total number of results or the number that was screened, 2 reviews reported the total number of results and 3 reviews reported the number that was screened . Of the latter, the number was different in each review: Vaona et al screened the first 500 results; Ohlsson and Shah screened the first 200 results; and Azarpazhooh et al screened the first 100 results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the reporting of web searching to identify studies for Cochrane systematic reviews

Briscoe

2017

Research Synthesis Methods

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The literature searches that are used to identify studies for inclusion in a systematic review should be comprehensively reported. This ensures that the literature searches are transparent and reproducible, which is important for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a systematic review and re-running the literature searches when conducting an update review. Web searching using search engines and the websites of topically relevant organisations is sometimes used as a supplementary literature search method. Previous research has shown that the reporting of web searching in systematic reviews often lacks important details and is thus not transparent or reproducible. Useful details to report about web searching include the name of the search engine or website, the URL, the date searched, the search strategy, and the number of results. This study reviews the reporting of web searching to identify studies for Cochrane systematic reviews published in the 6-month period August 2016 to January 2017 (n = 423). Of these reviews, 61 reviews reported using web searching using a search engine or website as a literature search method. In the majority of reviews, the reporting of web searching was found to lack essential detail for ensuring transparency and reproducibility, such as the search terms. Recommendations are made on how to improve the reporting of web searching in Cochrane systematic reviews.

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“…The polyalcohol xylitol may have a variety of medical and pharmaceutical applications, including the treatment and/or prevention of acute OM6667 and viral respiratory diseases68. It is reported that xylitol evades microbial resistance and can control infection both alone and in combination with other compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of the presence of nucleic acids and β-glucan in the matrix of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in vitro biofilms

Domenech

Pedrero-Vega

Prieto

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative bacterium that frequently colonizes the human nasopharynx; it is a common cause of chronic and recurrent otitis media in children and of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To date, no exopolysaccharide clearly contributing to NTHi biofilms has been identified. Consequently, there is some debate as to whether NTHi forms biofilms during colonization and infection. The present work shows that NTHi can form biofilms in vitro, producing an extracellular matrix composed of proteins, nucleic acids, and a β-glucan. Extracellular DNA, visualized by immunostaining and using fluorochromes, is an important component of this matrix and appears to be essential in biofilm maintenance. Extracellular RNA appears to be required only in the first steps of biofilm formation. Evidence of a matrix polysaccharide was obtained by staining with Calcofluor white M2R and by disaggregating biofilms with cellulase. Using strain 54997, residues of Glcp(1→4) in the NTHi biofilm were confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Evidence that N-acetyl-L-cysteine shows notable killing activity towards in vitro NTHi biofilm-forming bacteria is also provided.

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Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age

Cited by 48 publications

References 39 publications

Contemporary Concepts in Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children

Contemporary Concepts in Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children

A review of the reporting of web searching to identify studies for Cochrane systematic reviews

Evidence of the presence of nucleic acids and β-glucan in the matrix of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in vitro biofilms

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