Effort–reward imbalance at work and 5-year changes in blood pressure: the mediating effect of changes in body mass index among 1400 white-collar workers

Trudel, Xavier; Brisson, Chantal; Milot, Alain; Mâsse, Benoı̂t; Vézina, Michel

doi:10.1007/s00420-016-1159-x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, despite not being statistically significant, the mean probabilities of elevated blood pressure were higher for adolescents who were working. This association is also consistent with studies of adult working populations [24,25,26,27,28]. A detailed comparison with literature focusing on adults is difficult given differences in data collection and study variable definitions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Work-related factors are also consistently associated with hypertension in adults. Specific issues associated with increased blood pressure include job insecurity, long work hours, low wages, and jobs with poor work organization, as defined by jobs with high demands with low control or jobs that require considerable effort with low reward [24,25,26,27,28]. The exact mechanisms governing how these issues increase blood pressure is not entirely known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Work on Elevated Blood Pressure in Hispanic Adolescents in South Texas

Shipp

Cooper

Jiang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Literature supports an association between work and cardiovascular disease in adults. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between current work status and elevated blood pressure in Hispanic adolescents. Participants were students in Hidalgo County, located along the Texas-Mexico border. Participants enrolled in the cohort study in ninth grade with assessments completed once a year for up to three years. Participants completed a self-report survey, while staff measured height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and were screened for acanthosis nigricans. A generalized linear regression model with a logit link function was constructed to assess current work status and elevated blood pressure. Of the 508 participants, 29% had elevated blood pressure, which was associated with being male and other chronic disease indicators (e.g., acanthosis nigricans, overweight/obesity). The mean probability for elevated blood pressure was higher among currently working adolescents compared to those who were not. Findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05) at baseline. The findings illustrate that a large proportion of adolescents along the Texas-Mexico border may have elevated blood pressure and that working may be associated with it. Subsequent research is needed to confirm these findings, as well as to identify the mechanism for how work may increase hypertension in adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Work on Elevated Blood Pressure in Hispanic Adolescents in South Texas

Shipp

Cooper

Jiang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Workers completed self‐administered questionnaires on work characteristics and wore oscillometric devices to assess ABP at baseline (2000‐2004), 3‐year follow‐up (2004‐2006), and 5‐year follow‐up (2006‐2009). Systolic and diastolic ABP (in mm Hg) were assessed using validated protocols (see the work of Trudel et al for more details). ABP measures from the 5‐year follow‐up were used.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A test for the correct specification of marginal structural models

Sall

Aubé

Trudel

et al. 2019

Statistics in Medicine

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Marginal structural models (MSMs) allow estimating the causal effect of a time-varying exposure on an outcome in the presence of time-dependent confounding. The parameters of MSMs can be estimated utilizing an inverse probability of treatment weight estimator under certain assumptions. One of these assumptions is that the proposed causal model relating the outcome to exposure history is correctly specified. However, in practice, the true model is unknown.We propose a test that employs the observed data to attempt validating the assumption that the model is correctly specified. The performance of the proposed test is investigated with a simulation study. We illustrate our approach by estimating the effect of repeated exposure to psychosocial stressors at work on ambulatory blood pressure in a large cohort of white-collar workers in Québec City, Canada. Code examples in SAS and R are provided to facilitate the implementation of the test. KEYWORDS causal inference, marginal structural models, model specification Abbreviations: ABP, ambulatory blood pressure; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weight; MSMs, marginal structural models. 3168

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“…The PROspective Québec (PROQ) Study on Work and Health is a cohort study of 9,189 white-collar workers aged 18 to 65 years at baseline from 19 public or semi-public organizations in Québec, Canada [ 7 ]. A nested cohort comprising 2,200 workers from 3 public insurance institutions was initiated in 2000-2004 with follow-ups after 3 (2004-2006) and 5 years (2006-2009).…”

Section: Motivating Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The motivation for developing these longitudinal plasmode algorithms was to compare different confounding adjustment methods when estimating the effect of cumulative exposure over time to psychosocial stressors at work (PSW) on blood pressure. Multiple studies have investigated such effects, often using traditional adjustment methods where models are either adjusted for baseline covariates only or for both baseline and time-varying covariates [ 7 ]. Such adjustment methods may be inappropriate if some covariates have a double role of confounders and mediators, since adjustment for time-varying confounders leads to an overadjustment bias, and not adjusting for these variables leads to residual confounding bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal plasmode algorithms to evaluate statistical methods in realistic scenarios: an illustration applied to occupational epidemiology

Souli,

Trudel,

Diop

et al. 2023

BMC Med Res Methodol

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Introduction Plasmode simulations are a type of simulations that use real data to determine the synthetic data-generating equations. Such simulations thus allow evaluating statistical methods under realistic conditions. As far as we know, no plasmode algorithm has been proposed for simulating longitudinal data. In this paper, we propose a longitudinal plasmode framework to generate realistic data with both a time-varying exposure and time-varying covariates. This work was motivated by the objective of comparing different methods for estimating the causal effect of a cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work over time. Methods We developed two longitudinal plasmode algorithms: a parametric and a nonparametric algorithms. Data from the PROspective Québec (PROQ) Study on Work and Health were used as an input to generate data with the proposed plasmode algorithms. We evaluated the performance of multiple estimators of the parameters of marginal structural models (MSMs): inverse probability of treatment weighting, g-computation and targeted maximum likelihood estimation. These estimators were also compared to standard regression approaches with either adjustment for baseline covariates only or with adjustment for both baseline and time-varying covariates. Results Standard regression methods were susceptible to yield biased estimates with confidence intervals having coverage probability lower than their nominal level. The bias was much lower and coverage of confidence intervals was much closer to the nominal level when considering MSMs. Among MSM estimators, g-computation overall produced the best results relative to bias, root mean squared error and coverage of confidence intervals. No method produced unbiased estimates with adequate coverage for all parameters in the more realistic nonparametric plasmode simulation. Conclusion The proposed longitudinal plasmode algorithms can be important methodological tools for evaluating and comparing analytical methods in realistic simulation scenarios. To facilitate the use of these algorithms, we provide R functions on GitHub. We also recommend using MSMs when estimating the effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work.

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Effort–reward imbalance at work and 5-year changes in blood pressure: the mediating effect of changes in body mass index among 1400 white-collar workers

Abstract: The mediating effect of BMI was of small magnitude and observed in certain subgroups and time frame only. Subgroup-specific mediating pathways might be involved to explain the effect of work stress on cardiovascular diseases risk.

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Influence of Work on Elevated Blood Pressure in Hispanic Adolescents in South Texas

Influence of Work on Elevated Blood Pressure in Hispanic Adolescents in South Texas

A test for the correct specification of marginal structural models

Longitudinal plasmode algorithms to evaluate statistical methods in realistic scenarios: an illustration applied to occupational epidemiology

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