Effect of anodization and alkali-heat treatment on the bioactivity of titanium implant material (an in vitro study)

Abstract

Objective:This study was aimed to assess the effect of anodized and alkali-heat surface treatment on the bioactivity of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) after immersion in Hank's solution for 7 days.Materials and Methods:Fifteen titanium alloy samples were used in this study. The samples were divided into three groups (five for each), five samples were anodized in 1M H3PO4 at constant voltage value of 20 v and another five samples were alkali-treated in 5 M NaOH solution for 25 min at temperature 60°C followed by heat treatment at 600°C for 1 h. All samples were then immersed in Hank's solution for 7 days to assess the effect of surface modifications on the bioactivity of titanium alloy. The different treated surfaces and control one were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with PASW Statistics 18.0® (Predictive Analytics Software).Results:Anodization of Ti-alloy samples (Group B) led to the formation of bioactive titanium oxide anatase phase and PO43− group on the surface. The alkali-heat treatment of titanium alloy samples (Group C) leads to the formation of bioactive titania hydrogel and supplied sodium ions. The reaction between the Ti sample and NaOH alkaline solution resulted in the formation of a layer of amorphous sodium titania on the Ti surface, and this layer can induce apatite deposition.Conclusions:The surface roughness and surface chemistry had an excellent ability to induce bioactivity of titanium alloy. The anodization in H3PO4 produced anatase titanium oxide on the surface with phosphate originated from electrolytes changed the surface topography and allowed formation of calcium-phosphate.

Biocompatible Coating on Micro‐structured Titanium Implants with Enhanced Osteogenesis to Facilitate Bone‐implant Integration

“…[7,8] In hot alkali treatment, lye is used to change the surface of the implant to form micro-pores, which is a reliable surface modification method and can significantly affect the osseointegration of the implant. [9][10][11] Studies showed that the surface after hot alkali treatment is characterized by an ordered nano-array (nano mesh/needle), which can enhance the collagen synthesis of gingival fibroblasts and promote the osseointegration of periodontal tissues and implants. [12] Another study found that the obtained dense oxide layer has strong wear and corrosion resistance after hot alkali treatment on the pure Ti surface, which can increase the chemical stability of the implant surface and improve the longterm implantation success rate.…”

“…Now, the surface of Ti implants is designed and optimized mainly through surface physical modification and surface chemical method modification [7,8] . In hot alkali treatment, lye is used to change the surface of the implant to form micro‐pores, which is a reliable surface modification method and can significantly affect the osseointegration of the implant [9–11] . Studies showed that the surface after hot alkali treatment is characterized by an ordered nano‐array (nano mesh/needle), which can enhance the collagen synthesis of gingival fibroblasts and promote the osseointegration of periodontal tissues and implants [12] .…”

Anatase Forming Treatment without Surface Morphological Alteration of Dental Implant

“…Titania is well known for catalytic, photocatalytic and nonlinear optics properties [17,20,21]. While the effects of the morphological and chemical characteristics of TiO 2 have been extensively studied [22,23], few studies evaluated the biological effects of the crystalline conformation of titania [12].…”

Evaluation of the Surrounding Ring of Two Different Extra-Short Implant Designs in Crestal Bone Maintanence: A Histologic Study in Dogs

“…Most works still favour the surface treatment of dental implants producing good substrate surfaces for osseointegration, with a great surface roughness. The reduction of the total length of the implant is because it increases the bone–implant contact due to surface roughness [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”