TEM and AES investigations of the natural surface nano‐oxide layer of an AISI 316L stainless steel microfibre

Ramachandran, Dhanya; Egoavil, Ricardo; Crabbé, Amandine; Hauffman, Tom; Abakumov, Artem M.; Verbeeck, Johan; Vandendael, Isabelle; Terryn, Herman; Schryvers, D.

doi:10.1111/jmi.12434

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is well known that the protective passive layer on Fe-Cr steel consists of a mixed film of iron-and chromium oxides such as (Fe, Cr) 2 O 3 and (Fe, Cr) 3 O 4 [16], with a thickness of the order of several nanometers [17][18][19] before exposure to elevated temperatures. For an extensive background on the formation and properties of iron oxides as Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 reference is made to the reviews in [20][21][22] concerning the influence of point defects in these oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of surface texture on the oxidation behaviour of polycrystalline Fe-Cr

Zijlstra

Jeer

Ocelík

et al. 2018

Applied Surface Science

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Grain-direction dependent oxidation at the surface of polycrystalline Fe-Cr steel is not well understood, as most of the described systems in literature focus on single crystals of either Fe or Cr. We found through electron backscatter diffraction that surface oxidation in air at temperatures between 260 and 450°C depends severely on grain orientations at the outer surface. Subsequently electron microscopy was combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to characterize the oxide film further in detail. In particular we have observed the following sequence in oxidation rate of crystal planes parallel to the surface for Fe-Cr steel, {0 0 1} < {1 1 1} & {1 0 1}, which was not reported in literature before.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of surface texture on the oxidation behaviour of polycrystalline Fe-Cr

Zijlstra

Jeer

Ocelík

et al. 2018

Applied Surface Science

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“…4, 5, 7), so the chromium enrichment is always at the bottom of the oxide layer. It has been shown for air passivated stainless steel that the chromium enrichment is found as a layer just on top of the metallic bulk (Olefjord, 1975; Ramachandran et al, 2016). It appears that the diffusion of Cr cations slows down rapidly, once a thin layer of few nanometers of chromium (-type) oxide is formed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The point where the oxygen signal is close to zero is reached after about 300 (purple), 100 (yellow), and 20 (nonoxidized) frames. When a rather conservative estimate of 5 nm for the thickness of the passive layer of the nonoxidized specimen is taken (Ramachandran et al, 2016), a thickness estimation can be made of 25 and 75 nm for the yellow (300°C) and purple (450°C) surface, respectively. It is tacitly assumed that the sputtering rate is not affected by the different orientations of ferritic grains in the substrate material when interpreting experimental results are shown in Figures 4 to 7.…”

Section: Fig 6 Cromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protective passive layer on ferritic Fe-Cr steel consists of a mixed film of iron-and chromium oxides such as (Fe,Cr) 2 O 3 and (Fe,Cr) 3 O 4 (Olsson & Landolt, 2003), with a thickness of the order of several nanometers (Olefjord & Fischmeister, 1975;Jin & Atrens, 1990;Ramachandran et al, 2016). At high temperatures, the thickness of this layer can reach the sub-millimeter range, as seen on steel exposed to steam at 600°C (Pujilaksono et al, 2011;Jonsson et al, 2013Jonsson et al, , 2016, 700°C (Yuan et al, 2016), and 1,000°C (Saeki et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth Profile Analysis of Thin Oxide Layers on Polycrystalline Fe–Cr

et al. 2020

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Surfaces of polycrystalline ferritic Fe–Cr steel with grain sizes of about 13 µm in diameter were investigated with surface sensitive techniques. Thin oxide layers, with a maximum thickness of about 100 nm, were grown by oxidation in air at temperatures up to 450°C and were subsequently characterized using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and atomic force microscopy. Correlative microscopy was applied, which allows for element-specific depth profiles on selected grains with a particular crystal orientation. A strong correlation between the grain orientation and the thickness of the oxide layer was found. The sequence in the oxidation growth rate of ferritic Fe–Cr steel crystal planes is found to be {011} > {111} > {001}, which is unexpectedly opposed to known Fe-based systems. Moreover, for the first time, the Cr/Fe ratio throughout the oxide layer has been determined per grain orientation. A clear order from high to low of {001} > {111} > {011} was detected.

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“…The chemical composition of the passive layer can be obtained by depth profiling, due to a procedure of alternating surface scanning with XPS and layer removal with argon ions. The general picture for iron-chromium steel is a mixed film of iron-and chromium oxides: (Fe, Cr)2O3 and (Fe, Cr) 3 O 4 [2], with a thickness in the order of several nanometers [1], [3], [4]. Metals share the remarkable feature that the passive film has the ability to be self-healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth of a Passive Film on Steel Studied With in-Situ Afm

Zijlstra

Faber

Ocelík

et al. 2017

Materials and Contact Characterisation VIII

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The passive film on stainless steel is a crucial barrier to retard or block further corrosion of the bulk. After damage due to fabrication processes or during use in service, the passive film has to be recovered. Little is known of the characteristic time scale of the passivation process in ambient conditions, i.e. air. In this work, a quantitative method is presented to follow the growth of the passive layer after damage, in-situ by AFM. The passive layer of a defined area is removed by sputtering with argon ions. The recovery of the film is measured by recording the height difference between the sputtered area and the reference area using AFM. The growth of the new passive film is terminated after 2 hours. The height difference of the passive film and the substrate is measured 25 minutes after exposure to air and extrapolated to be 21 nanometers at the onset of passivation. This thickness agrees rather well with the calculated range of 18.9 to 21.5 nanometers.

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TEM and AES investigations of the natural surface nano‐oxide layer of an AISI 316L stainless steel microfibre

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

The effect of surface texture on the oxidation behaviour of polycrystalline Fe-Cr

The effect of surface texture on the oxidation behaviour of polycrystalline Fe-Cr

Depth Profile Analysis of Thin Oxide Layers on Polycrystalline Fe–Cr

The Growth of a Passive Film on Steel Studied With in-Situ Afm

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