Cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (<i>Equus asinus</i>) in Brazil

Maia, Lisanka Ângelo; Olinda, Robério Gomes; Araújo, Tenório F.; Firmino, Paulo Ricardo; Nakazato, Luciano; Neto, E. G. Miranda; Riet-Correa, Franklin; Dantas, Antônio Flávio Medeiros

doi:10.1177/1040638716651467

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is important to note that these epidemiological conditions had not been reported previously in Northeastern of Brazil, since all cases of pythiosis described in horses (Tabosa et al 1999), sheep (Tabosa et al 2004, Portela et al 2010, Pessoa et al 2012, goats (Do Carmo et al 2015) and donkeys (Maia et al 2016) occurred in the semi-arid region during the dry season in animals grazing in and around dams when there was shortage of forage in the pastures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In addition, several clinical forms of the disease have also been diagnosed in sheep, including cutaneous (Tabosa et al 2004), nasal (Portela et al 2010) and digestive (Pessoa et al 2012) forms. Cases of cutaneous pythiosis had also been reported in a goat (Do Carmo et al 2015), in three mules (Tabosa et al 1999, Pessoa et al 2014, and recently in a donkey (Maia et al 2016). However, there are no reports of the disease affecting cattle in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pythiosis in cattle in Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of cutaneous pythiosis occurring in cattle from three farms in the Northeastern of Brazil are described. A biopsy of the lesions of one bovine from each farm was performed. In two cases, the affected cattle had contact with water accumulated in dams during the dry season in the semiarid region. Another case occurred in the coastal tropical region in cattle grazing around irrigation channels. Clinically, lesions were observed mainly on the skin of the thoracic and/or pelvic limbs, characterized by flat and irregular ulcerated areas or nodules of varying sizes, some with fistulous tracts penetrating deep into the subcutaneous tissue. In one case the regional lymph nodes were affected. Histologically, in all cases, pyogranulomatous dermatitis associated with negative hyphae images, in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections, were observed. In sections stained by Grocott methenamine silver, the hyphae measured 2-8μm and had irregular ramifications and rare septations. Immunohistochemistry technique demonstrated strong immunolabeling for Pythium insidiosum. Pythiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dermatopathies in cattle in the Northeastern of Brazil.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pythiosis in cattle in Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As estruturas intralesionais denominadas de kunkers têm sido descritas em equinos [12], muares [15], asininos [8] e camelos [16], estando ausentes nas demais espécies animais acometidas [4,12]. Os kunkers estão sempre presentes na pitiose equina e permitem o estabelecimento de um acurado diagnóstico presuntivo [4].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in Mares

Souto

Maia

Assis

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease has been reported in several species, but most cases occur in horses. In this species, the cutaneous form is more prevalent, with occasional involvement of adjacent lymph nodes and bone tissue. The involvement of the mammary glands was not properly characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe cases of pythiosis with the involvement of the mammary glands in mares. Case: A retrospective study of all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of horses, performed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande from January 2000 to December 2018, was carried out. During the study period, 142 cases of cutaneous pythiosis were identified. Of these, in three the lesions extended to the mammary glands. Mares with 3-, 7-and 12-year-old, mongrel, from the backlands of the Paraiba were affected. On physical examination, the mares presented swollen mammary glands and multifocal wounds, which discharge serosanguinolent secretion. Clinical evolution ranged from 15 to 30 days. The animals had been medicated, but the wounds did not heal and mastectomies were performed. Macroscopically, the mammary glands were enlarged and with multifocal areas of ulceration measuring 1 to 3.5 cm in diameter. At the cut surface, they exhibited fistulous tracts containing kunkers. In the histopathological evaluation, was observed diffuse and marked inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils extending through the deep dermis and interlobular mammary stroma; and multifocal areas, sometimes focally extensive, of eosinophilic necrosis with intralesional negative images of hyphae. In histological sections stained by periodic acid-Schiff, the walls of the hyphae were weakly stained in blue; but when impregnated by Grocott methenamine silver, they were strongly marked in black and were characterized by semi-parallel walls, rare septations and branching, and a diameter varying from 3-8 μm. At immunohistochemistry, the hyphae showed strong cytoplasmic and wall immunostaining for the anti-P. insidiosum antibody. Discussion: The diagnosis of mastitis by Pythium insidiosum was established based on the epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Lesions in horses are more frequently located at the extremities of the limbs and the ventral portion of the thoracoabdominal wall. In these cases, it is likely that the lesions have started on the skin adjacent to the udder and have extended to the mammary parenchyma. The intralesional structures known as kunkers have been described in horses, mules, donkeys, and camels, being absent in the other animal species affected. The kunkers are always present in equine pythiosis and allow the establishment of an accurate presumptive diagnosis. Clinically important findings include wounds that discharge serosanguineous secretions and do not heal through conventional treatments. Histological lesions characterized by areas of eosinophilic n...

show abstract

“…Biflagellate zoospore is an infective stage of P. insidiosum that shows strong tropism to animal hairs and tissues [41,42]. Direct exposure to the pathogen habitat (i.e., stagnant water, rice field, pond) could increase the risk of the infection [43][44][45][46][47]. Patients with pythiosis usually manifest with clinical features associated with an infection of the skin [11,23,48,49], artery [13,50,51], eye [47,[52][53][54], gastrointestinal tract [28,[55][56][57], or another internal organ [5,12,[58][59][60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Perspective of Immunotherapy for Pythiosis

Yolanda

Krajaejun

2021

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fungus-like microorganism Pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis, a life-threatening infectious disease increasingly reported worldwide. Antimicrobial drugs are ineffective. Radical surgery is an essential treatment. Pythiosis can resume post-surgically. Immunotherapy using P. insidiosum antigens (PIA) has emerged as an alternative treatment. This review aims at providing up-to-date information of the immunotherapeutic PIA, with the focus on its history, preparation, clinical application, outcome, mechanism, and recent advances, in order to promote the proper use and future development of this treatment modality. P. insidiosum crude extract is the primary source of immunotherapeutic antigens. Based on 967 documented human and animal (mainly horses) pythiosis cases, PIA immunotherapy reduced disease morbidity and mortality. Concerning clinical outcomes, 19.4% of PIA-immunized human patients succumbed to vascular pythiosis instead of 41.0% in unimmunized cases. PIA immunotherapy may not provide an advantage in a local P. insidiosum infection of the eye. Both PIA-immunized and unimmunized horses with pythiosis showed a similar survival rate of ~70%; however, demands for surgical intervention were much lesser in the immunized cases (22.8% vs. 75.2%). The proposed PIA action involves switching the non-protective T-helper-2 to protective T-helper-1 mediated immunity. By exploring the available P. insidiosum genome data, synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins, and nucleic acids are potential sources of the immunotherapeutic antigens worth investigating. The PIA therapeutic property needs improvement for a better prognosis of pythiosis patients.

show abstract

Cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (Equus asinus) in Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Pythiosis in cattle in Northeastern Brazil

Pythiosis in cattle in Northeastern Brazil

Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in Mares

History and Perspective of Immunotherapy for Pythiosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About