Spread and persistence of VIM-1 Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in three German swine farms in 2011 and 2012

Recurrent detection of VIM-1-producingEscherichia coliclone in German pig production

“…Again, XbaI PFGE patterns of these four isolates were very similar to those mentioned above (Figure 1). This hints at the presence of a specific clone on this farm and a link with isolates obtained from the farm investigated in 2011 4 . S1 nuclease PFGE with subsequent hybridization experiments, described by Rodriguez et al 7 in 2009, revealed bla VIM-1 localization on 180–200 kb IncHI2 plasmids in all four isolates (Figure S1).…”

“…S1 nuclease PFGE with subsequent hybridization experiments, described by Rodriguez et al 7 in 2009, revealed bla VIM-1 localization on 180–200 kb IncHI2 plasmids in all four isolates (Figure S1). And, indeed, the VIM-1-plasmid-harbouring isolates were also positive for the bla ACC-1 gene, further resistance genes strA and strB and class-I-integron-associated resistance genes aadA1 and aacA4 and sul1 , as shown for pRH-178, assuming the presence of a highly similar plasmid in these isolates compared with the ones from 2011 4 , 5 …”

“…In fact, spread and persistence of the β-lactamase gene ( bla ) VIM-1 over a whole fattening period was demonstrated in the VIM-1-positive swine farm. Here we describe the presence of VIM-1-positive E. coli isolates that appear closely related to the isolates from 2011, isolated in December 2015 from a different German swine farm 4 , 5 …”

“…Therefore, the isolation of VIM-1-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in 2011–12 from German swine and poultry farms raised concerns that livestock might emerge as a reservoir for CPE and that pan-resistant isolates could be transmitted from this reservoir to humans 4 . In fact, spread and persistence of the β-lactamase gene ( bla ) VIM-1 over a whole fattening period was demonstrated in the VIM-1-positive swine farm.…”

Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistances in E. coli Associated with Neonatal Diarrhea, Postweaning Diarrhea, and Edema Disease in Pigs from Austria

“…Neither meropenem-nor amikacin resistant E. coli were detected, both not licensed for use in animals in the EU. The absence of isolates being resistant to amikacin in swine stocks was also observed before [30], while Carbapenem resistant E. coli from European swine stocks have occasionally been detected [31], concretely in Germany [32,33] and Italy [34].…”