Spatial distribution of disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS co-infection in an endemic area of Northeastern Brazil

Correia, Francisco Gustavo Silveira; Alencar, Carlos Henrique; Damasceno, Lisandra Serra; Ramos, Isadora Cavalcanti; Pontes, Lícia Borges; Leitão, Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0327-2015

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These studies clearly demonstrate that northeastern Brazil, particularly Ceará State, is a highly endemic area of histoplasmosis, and is associated with a high annual death rate among HIV patients 24 . In Fortaleza (the capital of Ceará State), many cases of histoplasmosis are associated with low sanitation capacity, ecotourism, and fishing 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Damasceno¹,

Teixeira

Barker

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Histoplasmosis is a worldwide-distributed deep mycosis that affects healthy and immunocompromised hosts. Severe and disseminated disease is especially common in HIV-infected patients. At least 11 phylogenetic species are recognized and the majority of diversity is found in Latin America. The northeastern region of Brazil has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in Latin America and Ceará State has one of the highest death rates due to histoplasmosis in the world, where the mortality rate varies between 33–42%. The phylogenetic distribution and population genetic structure of 51 clinical isolates from Northeast Brazil was studied. For that morphological characteristics, exoantigens profile, and fungal mating types were evaluated. The genotypes were deduced by a MSLT in order to define local population structure of this fungal pathogen. In addition, the relationships of H . capsulatum genotypes with clinically relevant phenotypes and clinical aspects were investigated. The results suggest two cryptic species, herein named population Northeast BR1 and population Northeast BR2. These populations are recombining, exhibit a high level of haplotype diversity, and contain different ratios of mating types MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 . However, differences in phenotypes or clinical aspects were not observed within these new cryptic species. A HIV patient can be co-infected by two or more genotypes from Northeast BR1 and/or Northeast BR2, which may have significant impact on disease progression due to the impaired immune response. We hypothesize that co-infections could be the result of multiple exposure events and may indicate higher risk of disseminated histoplasmosis, especially in HIV infected patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Damasceno¹,

Teixeira

Barker

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…A distribuição dos casos de histoplasmose disseminada em indivíduos HIV positivo, residentes em Fortaleza/Ceará revelou que a maior frequência dos casos desta coinfecção ocorreu em indivíduos que residiam em área com baixos índices de saneamento básico, e naqueles que habitavam uma região próxima a um parque ambiental (CORREIA et al, 2016). Contudo, a maioria dos casos relatados de HPA ocorre geralmente em indivíduos que realizam atividades em grutas ou cavernas habitadas por morcegos ou aves, ou durante atividades de limpeza de locais abandonados, onde há micronichos de H. capsulatum (KAUFFMAN, 2007).…”

Section: Basidiomycotaunclassified

Frequência Dos Cristais De Charcot-Leyden No Exame Parasitológico Realizado No Laboratório Central De Biomedicina No Ano De 2017

Menezes¹,

Garcia²,

Brito³

et al. 2019

Biomedicina E Farmácia: Aproximações 3

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“…In the HIV era, disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) has emerged as a public health problem in endemic areas, notably those with low resources, mainly affecting AIDS-patients with severe immunosuppression. In Ceará state, located in northeastern Brazil, DH is an important cause of hospitalization and death in HIV-infected patients [4]. Damasceno et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Buffy Coat in the Diagnosis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in AIDS-Patients in an Endemic Area of Brazil

Leitão

Filho

et al. 2019

JoF

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The buffy coat is obtained routinely for disseminated histoplamosis (DH) diagnosis in Ceará, Brazil. The aim of this study is to describe the accuracy of staining smears for Histoplasma in the buffy coat of AIDS-patients with DH. From 2012–2013, all results of stained buffy coat smears and culture for fungi performed at São José Hospital were recorded. In total, 489 buffy coats of 361 patients were studied; 19/361 (5.3%; 95%CI = 2.9–7.6%) had positive direct examination stained smears for Histoplasma and 61/361 (16.9%; 95%CI = 13.0–20.8%) had growth in culture. For those with positive Histoplasma cultures, the CD4 count was significantly lower (139.3 vs. 191.7cells/µL; p = 0.014) than others, and death was 18%. The sensitivity and specificity of stained smears was 25.9% and 100%, respectively. A second test, performed up to 36 days from the first one, increased the sensitivity of stained smears to 32.2%. Stained smears of buffy coat have low accuracy; nonetheless, they are easy to perform and can give a quick diagnosis in low-resource endemic areas. Despite the decrease in mortality, it is not yet to the low levels observed in areas that have better and more efficient methods.

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Spatial distribution of disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS co-infection in an endemic area of Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Novel clinical and dual infection by Histoplasma capsulatum genotypes in HIV patients from Northeastern, Brazil

Frequência Dos Cristais De Charcot-Leyden No Exame Parasitológico Realizado No Laboratório Central De Biomedicina No Ano De 2017

Accuracy of Buffy Coat in the Diagnosis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in AIDS-Patients in an Endemic Area of Brazil

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