Effect of green light spectra on the reduction of retinal damage and stress in goldfish, Carassius auratus

Effect of Blue and Green Light Emitting Diode (LED) on Rat's Retina.

“…The exposure to green LED indicates insignificant effects on the ERG record along the whole time of exposure (Fig.4). This finding agrees with Song et al, (2016) (17) who found that the green LED light efficiently reduces retinal damage and stress.…”

The effect of two carotenoid sources, background colour and light spectrum on the body pigmentation of the clownfishAmphiprion ocellaris

“…In contrast, Shin et al (2012) observed that the yellowtail clownfish Amphiprion clarkii could improve its growth (greater expression of growth hormone mRNA) when green and blue light spectra illuminated their habitat, unlike the fish cultured under the red colour spectrum that inhibited growth. Similarly, it was TA B L E 5 Average values (± SD) of the colour composition RGB, L*a*b* and their representation in the Pantone ® scale of the treatments of E2 demonstrated that the red light spectra induced an increase in stress and even damage the retina of the goldfish Carasius auratus, unlike the green or blue light spectrum (Song et al, 2016).…”

“…Therefore, a change in the intensity, light spectrum or background colour of the captivity units can provoke a gradual and reversible colour change (Yasir & Quin, 2009b). For this reason, studies by Shin et al (2012) and Song et al (2016) evaluated the effect of the light spectrum on the growth and stress in the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii and the goldfish Carassius auratus, and discovered that the green and blue light promote the growth, in addition to reducing the stress and the retina damage in both species. On the other hand, it was reported that culture with black background (black and/or blue) improves the accumulation of astaxanthin in the skin of the snapper Pagrus auratus (Doolan et al, 2008) and decreases the stress in the South American catfish Rhamdia quelen (Barcellos et al, (2009).…”

Environmental colour impact on the life of lower aquatic vertebrates: development, growth, physiological and biochemical processes

“…One of the most well-known and studied hormones of stress is cortisol (Mommsen et al 1999;Ackerman et al 2000). Two studies of goldfish Carassius auratus juveniles showed that the amount of cortisol decreases when exposed to green light and increases in red light (Jung et al 2016;Song et al 2016a). In other experiments (Eslamloo et al 2015), also against the backdrop of the negative effect of red light on the growth of the same species, the concentration of cortisol increased, while in blue light and in the dark, the amount of cortisol was much lower.…”