Maternal environment and placental vascularization in small ruminants

Bairagi, Soumi; Quinn, Kelsey E.; Crane, Alison R; Ashley, Ryan L.; Borowicz, P. P.; Caton, J. S.; Redden, R. R.; Grazul-Bilska, Anna T.; Reynolds, Lawrence P.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.042

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 223 publications

(330 reference statements)

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“…The pattern of utero-placental vascular development during early pregnancy is well established in sheep as well as in other species [2,23,53-55]. Previous studies from our and other laboratories have demonstrated increased angiogenesis, angiogenic factor expression and uterine blood flow to the pregnant uterus in sheep [23,24,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: Progesterone and estrogen receptor protein expression

et al. 2018

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of protein expression of the steroid receptor isoforms of nuclear progesterone receptors (PGR) A and B, and estrogen receptors (ESR1 and 2) in utero-placental compartments during early pregnancy. Utero-placental tissues were collected from days 14-30 (n = 4 ewes/day), and uterine tissues were collected from non-pregnant ewes on day 10 after estrus (n = 4). Cross sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were immunofluorescently stained to detect PGRAB, PGRB, ESR1 and ESR2, followed by image generation of entire cross-sections of uterine and utero-placental tissues, confocal imaging of individual uterine and utero-placental compartments, and image and statistical analyses. PGRAB, PGRB, ESR1 and ESR2 were detected in several compartments of uterine and utero-placental tissues. Quantitative image analysis of staining intensity demonstrated that compared to non-pregnant controls 1) expression of PGRAB and PGRB was less in luminal epithelium and endometrial glands from day 14-16 till 30; 2) PGRAB expression tended to be greater in endometrial and myometrial blood vessels on days 28 and/or 30; 3) PGRB expression in myometrum was lower on days 16 and 28; 4) ESR1 in endometrial stroma was lower in all days of pregnancy; 5) ESR2 expression was similar in all compartments and not affected by pregnancy stage; and 6) in FM, expression of steroid receptors was similar. Thus, we have demonstrated spatial and temporal expression of nuclear PGR and ESR isoforms in utero-placental compartments during early pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early pregnancy is marked by several events such as implantation, placentation and initiation of fetal and placental growth, which are critical for establishment of pregnancy [1,2]. Around 30-50% of embryonic loss occurs during early pregnancy [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: Progesterone and estrogen receptor protein expression

et al. 2018

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“…Thus, maintaining proper vasculogenesis and placental function in obese mothers is a critical step for preventing metabolic dysfunction in their offspring (Bairagi et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise prevents the adverse effects of maternal obesity on placental vascularization and fetal growth

Son

Liu

Tian

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr Maternal exercise improves the metabolic health of maternal mice challenged with a high-fat diet.r Exercise intervention of obese mothers prevents fetal overgrowth. r Exercise intervention reverses impaired placental vascularization in obese mice. r Maternal exercise activates placental AMP-activated protein kinase, which was inhibited as a result of maternal obesity.Abstract More than one-third of pregnant women in the USA are obese and maternal obesity (MO) negatively affects fetal development, which predisposes offspring to metabolic diseases. The placenta mediates nutrient delivery to fetuses and its function is impaired as a result of MO. Exercise ameliorates metabolic dysfunction resulting from obesity, although its effect on placental function of obese mothers has not been explored. In the present study, C57BL/6J female mice were randomly assigned into two groups fed either a control or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then the mice on each diet were further divided into two subgroups with/without exercise. In HFD-induced obese mice, daily treadmill exercise during pregnancy reduced body weight gain, lowered serum glucose and lipid concentration, and improved insulin sensitivity of maternal mice. Importantly, maternal exercise prevented fetal overgrowth (macrosomia) induced by MO. To further examine the preventive effects of exercise on fetal overgrowth, placental vascularization and nutrient transporters were analysed. Vascular density and the expression of vasculogenic factors were reduced as a result of MO but were recovered by maternal exercise. On the other hand, the contents of nutrient transporters were not substantially altered by MO or exercise, suggesting that the protective effects of exercise in MO-induced fetal overgrowth were primarily a result of the alteration of placental vascularization and improved maternal metabolism. Furthermore, exercise enhanced downstream insulin signalling and activated AMP-activated protein kinase in HFD placenta. In sum, maternal exercise prevented fetal overgrowth induced by MO, which was Jun Seok Son received MS Degree in Kinesiology from Seoul National University. Currently, Jun Seok is a PhD student in the . His research interests focus on the impacts of maternal obesity, exercise, nutrition and other physiological conditions on fetal development and offspring health, especially the epigenetic mechanisms linking nutrients/metabolites to progenitor cell differentiation into myocytes/adipocytes. Ultimately, he aims to translate his work into clinical practice with respect to improving health outcomes for mothers and children affected by obesity.

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“…Several processes which are critical for pregnancy establishment take place during early pregnancy including implantation, placentation, and initiation of fetal and placental growth [1–3]. We have recently demonstrated that expression of steroid hormone receptors and factors involved in the regulation of growth and angiogenesis change dramatically during early pregnancy, and are affected by pregnancy stage and embryo origin [4–9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNA expression in the utero-placental compartments

Grazul-Bilska

Bairagi

Kraisoon

et al. 2019

Domestic Animal Endocrinology

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Sex steroid hormones are major regulators of uterine and placental growth and functions, as well as many other biological processes. To examine the mRNA expression of nuclear estrogen (ESR1 and 2) and progesterone (PGRAB and B) receptors in different compartments of the uterus and placenta, tissues were collected in experiment 1, on days 16, 20 and 28 after natural mating (NAT) and on day 10 after estrus (non-pregnant controls [NP]); and in experiment 2, on day 22 of NAT, and pregnancies established after transfer of embryos generated through mating of FSH-treated ewes (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or in vitro activation (IVA; parthenotes). In experiment 1, ESR1 expression in endometrial stroma (ES), endometrial glands (EG) and myometrial blood vessels (MBV), ESR2 in endometrial blood vessels (EBV), PGRAB in ES, and PGRB in ES, EG and MBV was greater in pregnant than NP depending on day of pregnancy. Day of pregnancy affected expression of ESR1 in MBV, ESR2 in EBV and MBV, and PGRAB in ES. In experiment 2, ESR1, PGRAB and PGRB in EG, but not in other compartments, was greater in NAT-ET than NAT, and PGRB was greater in NAT-ET than the IVF. These data demonstrated that the ESR and PGR expression was different in pregnant vs. NP ewes in selected compartments, and was affected by pregnancy stage or embryo origin in selected utero-placental compartments. Thus, sex steroid hormone mRNA expression is differentially regulated in a spatio-temporal manner in uterus and placenta, and is affected by application of assisted reproductive technology in sheep.

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Maternal environment and placental vascularization in small ruminants

Cited by 34 publications

References 223 publications

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: Progesterone and estrogen receptor protein expression

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: Progesterone and estrogen receptor protein expression

Exercise prevents the adverse effects of maternal obesity on placental vascularization and fetal growth

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptor mRNA expression in the utero-placental compartments

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