Differential clinical and prognostic impact of myeloid sarcoma vs medullary myeloid blast phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy

Cytogenetics-based risk prediction of blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia in the era of TKI therapy

“…CML patients that met the following selection criteria were included in this study: 1, receiving TKIs; 2, age at diagnosis $18 years; and 3, presence of t(9;22)(q34,q11.2) or variant translocations detected by conventional chromosomal analysis and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular analyses. We excluded patients with cryptic Ph and patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma without concurrent BP in peripheral blood or bone marrow (BM) because isolated myeloid sarcoma in CML patients confers a prognosis distinct from that of medullary BP, 24,25 and chromosomal analysis and disease monitoring were not routinely performed on myeloid sarcoma tissue. BP was defined as $20% blasts in peripheral blood or BM.…”

Mass‐forming neoplastic extramedullary hematopoiesis mimics myeloid sarcoma in a patient with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia

“…These patients tend to have a better treatment response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and a better survival than patients with medullary BP or MS that develops during therapy. 2,6 Interestingly, our patient presented with multiple soft tissue masses. Different from MS, however, the neoplastic extramedullary disease in this patient demonstrated trilineage hematopoiesis with myeloid cells in different maturation stages, and there was no increased blasts or maturation arrest, consistent with neoplastic extramedullary hematopoiesis.…”

“…MS is regarded as a sign of poor prognosis in CML as it is associated with cytogenetic clonal evolution and treatment resistance. 1,2 Patients with MS are often treated with chemotherapeutic regimens similar to patients with medullary BP or acute myeloid leukemia. 3,4 Radiation therapy or surgical resection is less effective than chemotherapy.…”

Myeloid sarcoma: an uncommon presentation of myeloid neoplasms; a case series of 4 rare cases reported in a tertiary care institute

“…10 The exact incidence of MS occurring in CML has not been mentioned in the literature. However, Chen et al, 19 in their study of 307 patients diagnosed with CML, reported 42 cases with MS. These had a male predilection with a male-to-female ratio of 4.3:1.…”