Adverse Effects, Expression of the Bk-CYP3045C1 Gene, and Activation of the ERK Signaling Pathway in the Water Accommodated Fraction-Exposed Rotifer

Abstract

To examine the deleterious effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil, the growth curve, fecundity, and lifespan of the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus) were measured for 24 h in response to three different doses (0.2×, 0.4×, and 0.8×) of WAFs. A higher dose of WAFs significantly reduced the fecundity and lifespan. A rotifer 32K microarray chip showed that the Bk-CYP3045C1 gene had the highest expression. Of the 25 entire CYP genes, the Bk-CYP3045C1 gene showed a significant expression for different doses and times in response to WAFs and chemical components of WAFs (naphthalene and phenanthrene); also, glutathione S-transferase genes, ABC transporter, and other genes showed dose responses upon exposure to 80% WAF over time. Different doses of WAFs increased the oxidative stress with an induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a depletion of glutathione (GSH). Exposure to WAFs did not show toxic effects on survivability in B. koreanus; however, toxicity to WAFs was shown when piperonyl butoxide, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, was added. This toxicity was dose-dependent. After WAFs exposure, p-ERK was activated over time in response to WAFs, which suggests that WAFs can be activated by the p-ERK signaling pathway.

The genome of the freshwater monogonont rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus

“…In several Brachionus species, the ecology, morphology and reproduction biology have been well studied (Hagiwara, Kotani, Snell, Assava‐Aree, & Hirayama, ; Sha et al., ). Indeed, several Brachionus species have been used as model systems for studies on aquatic ecology (Gilbert & Walsh, ), speciation biology (Gomez, Serra, Carvalho, & Lunt, ; Papakostas et al., ), rapid evolutionary adaptation (Declerck & Papakostas, ; Declerck et al., ), the evolution of sex (Fussmann, Ellner, & Hairston, ; Smith & Snell, ; Snell et al., ; Stelzer & Snell, ), population dynamics (Ortells, Gomez, & Serra, ; Ortells, Snell, Gomez, & Serra, ; Yoshinaga, Kaneko, Kinoshita, Tsukamoto, & Watabe, ) and ecotoxicology (Jeong et al., ; Kim et al., ; Snell, Brogdon, & Morgan, ; Snell & Janssen, ; Snell & Persoone, , ; Won et al., ). More specifically, the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus has been used for many studies on the effects of toxicants, endocrine disruptors and gradients of temperature and salinity (Preston et al., ; Snell & Carmona, ; Snell et al., ).…”

Proteome changes in muscles, ganglia, and gills in Corbicula fluminea clams exposed to crude oil: Relationship with behavioural disturbances

“…MAPKK is part of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorelay system, a group of serine/threonine kinases that participate in gene expression regulation, mitosis, movement, metabolism and apoptosis (Johnson and Lapadat, 2002). Multiple studies have highlighted the disruption of this pathway in the presence of hydrocarbons or other pollutants in aquatic organisms (Burlando et al, 2006;Châtel et al, 2011;Won et al, 2016). In addition, we were able to notice the presence of other proteins reflecting (i) the disruption of the cell cycle, (ii) the disruption of the apoptotic mechanism or (iii) the accumulation of potential DNA damage.…”

Genome-wide identification of 31 cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) genes in the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and analysis of their benzo[α]pyrene-induced expression patterns

“…[Clan 46]) were shown to be up-regulated in response to B[α]P. Previously, in B. koreanus, CYP3047A1 (clan MT) and CYP3045C1 (clan 3) were shown to be significantly upregulated in response to WAF (Won et al, 2016). Also, expression of CYP3049D1 and CYP3049 (clan 46) and CYP3027 (clan MT) was shown to be induced in chlorpyrifos-exposed B. koreanus (Kim et al, 2016), suggesting that CYPs might be involved in xenobiotic detoxification.…”