Preventive and therapeutic moderate aerobic exercise programs convert atherosclerotic plaques into a more stable phenotype

Exercise Training positively modulates the Ectonucleotidase Enzymes in Lymphocytes of Metabolic Syndrome Patients

“…Similarly, high-intensity exercise training could potentially reduce cardiovascular risks; however, it can cause discomfort, injury, or lack of success, especially with respect to older adults [9,28]. Then, in this study, we investigated the effect of the training with moderate intensity and it was observed that this intensity may promote significant cardioprotective effects in MetS patients, with low risk of injury, which is widely recommended for the MetS treatment [6,21]. In conclusion, MetS appears in a constellation of disorders associated with inflammatory, hepatic and purinergic alterations.…”

Restoration of normal blood flow in atherosclerotic arteries promotes plaque stabilization

“… 28 Studies in ApoE −/− mice have demonstrated that exercise promotes the formation of more stable plaques compared to sedentary controls with similar compositional changes to those reported herein, including higher collagen content. 29 , 30 In humans, it is well accepted that regular exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, likely by promoting more stable atherosclerotic plaque phenotypes. 31 …”

Targeting non-coding RNAs in unstable atherosclerotic plaques: Mechanism, regulation, possibilities, and limitations

“…Additionally, exercise training has been shown to prevent AS and angiotensin (Ang)-induced vulnerable plaque formation in ApoE -/mice by reducing systemic inflammation [104]. Moderate aerobic exercise can convert calcium deposits in blood vessels into a more stable form [105] and also stabilize plaques by increasing their collagen content [106,107]. More interestingly, recent studies have shown that exercise may reduce macrophage activity by down-regulating neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor expression in ApoE -/mice and increase plaque collagen levels and smooth muscle cell numbers that play a stabilizing role in plaques [108].…”