Metabolic profile of esculin in rats by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Self Cite

Cortex Fraxini is an important traditional Chinese medicine. In this work, a rapid and reliable homogenate extraction method was applied for the fast extraction for Cortex Fraxini, and the method was optimized by response surface methodology. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry were established for the separation and characterization of the constituents of Cortex Fraxini. Liquid chromatography separation was conducted on a C column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm), and gas chromatography separation was performed on a capillary with a 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane stationary phase (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm) by injection of silylated samples. According to the results, 33 chemical compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, and 11 chemical compounds were characterized by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and coumarins were the major components characterized by both gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The proposed homogenate extraction was an efficient and rapid method, and coumarins, phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoids, and lignans were the main constituents of Cortex Fraxini. This work laid the foundation for further study of Cortex Fraxini and will be helpful for the rapid extraction and characterization of ingredients in other traditional Chinese medicines.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents of Cortex Fraxini by homogenate extraction followed by UHPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and GC–MS

Wang

Han

Song

et al. 2016

Self Cite

“…Furthermore, successive losses of CO such as [M‐GluA‐CH 3 ‐CO+H] + at m/z 166.0259, [M‐GluA‐CO‐H 2 O+H] + at m/z 163.0399, [M‐GluA‐2CO+H] + at m/z 153.0523, [M‐GluA‐CH 3 OH‐CO+H] + at m/z 149.0217, [M‐GluA‐CH 3 OH‐2CO+H] + at m/z 121.0280, and [M‐GluA‐CO 2 ‐C 2 H 2 +H] + at m/z 107.0467 were also obtained, suggesting the possible coumarin skeleton. After comparison with the previous reports, compound M3 was tentatively identified as glucuronidation fraxetin . The information of all the prototype compounds and metabolites in urine is listed in Supporting Information Table S3 and their XIC spectra are shown in Supporting Information Figure S2B.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Integrated strategy based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry coupled with multiple data mining techniques for the metabolic profiling of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge husks in rat plasma, urine, and feces

Rong

Guo

Ding

et al. 2018

An integrated strategy based on high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with multiple data mining techniques was developed to screen the metabolites in rat biological fluids after the oral administration of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge husks. Mass defect filtering, product ion filtering, and neutral loss filtering were applied to detect metabolites from the complex matrix. As a result, 55 metabolites were tentatively identified, among which 45 barrigenol-type triterpenoid metabolites were detected in the feces, and six flavonoids and four coumarins metabolites were in the urine. Moreover, eight prototype constituents in plasma, 36 in urine and 23 in feces were also discovered. Due to the poor bioavailability of barrigenol type triterpenoids, most of them were metabolized by intestinal flora. Phase I metabolic reactions such as deglycosylation, oxidation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, and internal hydrolysis were supposed to be their principal metabolic pathways. Coumarins were found in all the biosamples, whereas flavonoids were mainly in the urine. Unlike the saponins, they were mainly metabolized through phase II metabolic reactions like glucuronidation and sulfonation, which made them eliminated more easily by urine. This work suggested the metabolic profile of X. sorbifolia husks for the first time, which will be very valuable for its further development.

“…Although there are many studies on the chemical constituents of “Dogel ebs” , at present, it is essential to obtain its pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolism information to fully understand the pharmacological effects and mechanism of “Dogel ebs.” Unfortunately, the identification of metabolites and illustration of its metabolic patterns have not yet been studied, except the pharmacokinetics investigations on matrine , which restricted the therapeutic applications and development of “Dogel ebs.” In order to clarify the metabolic mechanism of “Dogel ebs,” a target‐group‐change couple with mass defect filtering strategy was proposed based on high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC‐Q‐Exactive/MS) and Compound Discoverer software. As previously reported , Compound Discoverer software could provide elemental composition assignment, exact mass measurement, and fragmentation information in Traditional Chinese medicines and their metabolites in biological matrices . The metabolic pathway of the metabolites could be confirmed by the group change of prototype, which was called target‐group‐change technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In order to clarify the metabolic mechanism of "Dogel ebs," a targetgroup-change couple with mass defect filtering strategy was proposed based on high performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-Exactive/MS) and Compound Discoverer software. As previously reported [22], Compound Discoverer software could provide elemental composition assignment, exact mass measurement, and fragmentation information in Traditional Chinese medicines and their metabolites in biological matrices [23][24][25][26]. The metabolic pathway of the metabolites could be confirmed by the group change of prototype, which was called target-group-change technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A target‐group‐change couple with mass defect filtering strategy to identify the metabolites of “Dogel ebs” in rats plasma, urine and bile

Dong

et al. 2019

“Dogel ebs” was known as Sophora flavescens Ait., a classical traditional Chinese Mongolian herbal medicine, which had the effects on damp‐heat dysentery, scrofula, and syndrome of accumulated dampness toxicity. Although the chemical constituents have been clarified by our previous studies, the metabolic transformation of “Dogel ebs” in vivo was still unclear. To explore the mechanism of “Dogel ebs,” the metabolites in plasma, bile, and urine samples were investigated. A fast positive and negative ion switching technology was used for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids and alkaloids in “Dogel ebs” in a single run. And a target‐group‐change coupled with mass defect filtering strategy was utilized to analyze the collected data. 89 parent compounds and 82 metabolites were characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Both phase I and phase II metabolites were observed and the metabolic pathways involved in oxidation, demethylation, acetylation, and glucuronidation. 69 metabolites of “Dogel ebs,” including three hydroxyls bonding xanthohumol, formononetin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, 2′‐hydroxyl‐isoxanthohumol decarboxylation metabolite, oxysophocarpine dehydrogen, 9α‐hydroxysophoramine‐O‐glucuronide, etc. were reported for the first time.