Saving Lives and Protecting People From Injuries and Violence

Houry, Debra

doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.02.031

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addition, a study in South Africa showed a higher survival rate among victims of sharp (stabbing) wounds, compared to gunshot wounds, reflecting the serious wounding capacity of firearms . Gunshot injuries impact on both the criminal justice and the public healthcare systems, and studies like the present one are essential for providing statistics to improve public policies in this area …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Villalobos

Santos

Horta

et al. 2019

Dental Traumatology

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Background/Aim Orofacial trauma and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are serious public health problems due to their high prevalence, severe morbidity, high costs of treatment, and long‐term sequelae. However, the extent of the problem may be underestimated since trauma analysis, from a forensic odontology perspective, is not widely represented in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of traumatic orofacial injuries (TOI) and TDI in unidentified bodies and their association with the cause of death. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of dental and autopsy reports of unidentified bodies admitted to the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Belo Horizonte (IFM‐BH), Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. The final sample was made up of 536 bodies. Demographic data, the location where the body was found, cause of death, and the presence and type of orofacial trauma were collected. Results The mean of the estimated age of the bodies was 38 years and the median was 35 years. Most of the bodies were from males (87.5%) and were found downtown in the city of Belo Horizonte (60.4%). Violence was the most common cause of death (64%), generally by gunshot (48.7%). Bodies with an estimated age ≤35 years were eight times more likely to have died from violent causes. TOI was registered in 50.9% of the reports. TDI was observed in 10.8% of the bodies. Victims of violent death were seven times more likely to present TOI. Such association was not observed when the presence of TDI was considered. Conclusions There is a positive association between TOI and violent death in unidentified bodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Villalobos

Santos

Horta

et al. 2019

Dental Traumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Violence is a serious public health problem that affects people of both genders, at all stages of life, from children to aged people 1 . In all its forms, it casts a long shadow over the health of populations and individuals and has spurred several organizations over the past few decades to focus efforts to significantly reduce its prevalence 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of exposure to violence among adults – Brazil, 2019

Mascarenhas

Melo

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Objective: To estimate the prevalence of exposure to violence, characterizing its magnitude, types and occurrence in the adult population in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2019. The prevalence of violence in the last 12 months and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated according to sociodemographic variables. Crude prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of exposure to violence among adults in Brazil was 18.3% (95%CI 17.8–18.8), with a significantly higher frequency among women (19.4%; 95%CI 18.7–20.0), in the 18–29 age group (27.0%; 95%CI 25.7–28.4), in self-declared black people (20.6%; 95%CI 19.3–21.9) and mixed race (19.3%; 95%CI 18.6–20.1) and among inhabitants of the Northeast region (18.7%; 95%CI 18.0–19.5). Among the victims of violence, 15.6% (95%CI 14.2–17.0) sought health care, of which (91.2%; 95%CI 88.1–93.6) were attended. The most reported types of violence were: psychological (17.4%; 95%CI 16.9–17.9), physical (4.1%; 95%CI 3.9–4.4) and sexual (0.8%; 95%CI 0.7–0.9). Men were more exposed to violence with the use of firearms or sharp targets, while women were the predominant victims for all other types and mechanisms of violence. The aggressor most cited was the intimate partner, the most frequent place of occurrence of violence being the residence and public streets/places. Conclusion: In Brazil, violence affected one in five adults. Women, young people and people with black skin were the population segments most exposed to violence, which should be a priority in prevention actions.

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Vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality in Ontario between 1991 and 2009

et al. 2021

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Objective Trauma-related vascular injuries are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. We conducted a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study to examine temporal trends and factors associated with traumatic vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality in Ontario, Canada from 1991 to 2009. Methods We obtained data on Ontario hospital admissions for traumatic vascular injury, including injury mechanism and body region; and patient age, sex, socioeconomic status, and residence from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database and Registered Persons Database from fiscal years 1991 to 2009. We performed time series analysis of vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality rates and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify significant mortality-associated factors. Results The overall in-hospital mortality rate for trauma-related vascular injury was 5.5%. A slight but non-significant decline in mortality occurred over time. The likelihood of vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality was significantly higher for patients involved in transport-related accidents (odds ratio [OR[=2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–2.76), age ≥65 years (OR = 4.34, 95% CI, 2.25–8.38), or with thoracic (OR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.56–3.20) or abdominal (OR = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.75–3.42) injuries. Conclusions In-hospital mortality from traumatic vascular injury in Ontario was low and stable from 1991 to 2009.

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Saving Lives and Protecting People From Injuries and Violence

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Prevalence of exposure to violence among adults – Brazil, 2019

Vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality in Ontario between 1991 and 2009

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