Background/Aim Orofacial trauma and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are serious public health problems due to their high prevalence, severe morbidity, high costs of treatment, and long‐term sequelae. However, the extent of the problem may be underestimated since trauma analysis, from a forensic odontology perspective, is not widely represented in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of traumatic orofacial injuries (TOI) and TDI in unidentified bodies and their association with the cause of death. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of dental and autopsy reports of unidentified bodies admitted to the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Belo Horizonte (IFM‐BH), Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. The final sample was made up of 536 bodies. Demographic data, the location where the body was found, cause of death, and the presence and type of orofacial trauma were collected. Results The mean of the estimated age of the bodies was 38 years and the median was 35 years. Most of the bodies were from males (87.5%) and were found downtown in the city of Belo Horizonte (60.4%). Violence was the most common cause of death (64%), generally by gunshot (48.7%). Bodies with an estimated age ≤35 years were eight times more likely to have died from violent causes. TOI was registered in 50.9% of the reports. TDI was observed in 10.8% of the bodies. Victims of violent death were seven times more likely to present TOI. Such association was not observed when the presence of TDI was considered. Conclusions There is a positive association between TOI and violent death in unidentified bodies.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the external apical root resorption in the lower incisors after orthodontic alignment and leveling using digital periapical radiographs. The sample consisted of periapical radiographs of 90 lower central incisors from 45 patients, 19 men and 26 women aged 12-36 years (mean 22.7 years). All the 90 lower central incisors were performed periapical radiographs in two phases: 1 - initial before orthodontic treatment and 2 - after alignment and dental leveling phase. The initial periapical radiographs were digitized through a transparency scanner. All patients were treated by the same orthodontist, the inclusion criteria were: never having been treated orthodontically; absence of exodontia, agenesis, malformation or defect in teeth, supernumerary teeth, endodontic treatment and impacted incisors. The time interval between the initial and post-leveling radiographs was from 6 to 12 months, with an average time of 9 months. It was observed that 47.8% of the incisors evaluated presented external apical root resorption, being most grade 1 (irregular contour up to 1 mm reabsorption). There was a positive association of external root resorption with the triangular root shape. There was no association between the severity of root resorption and the type of malocclusion.   An association was observed between age and resorption severity, that is, patients who have already reached bone maturation were more likely to develop apical external root resorption. Female patients were more likely, but when men developed external root resorption, it tended to be a more severe degree. Female adult patients, with a triangular root shape, anatomical apical pipette shape, regardless of malocclusion type are more likely to develop apical external root resorption in orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Radiography, Dental, Digital. Orthodontic. Root Resorption. Resumo Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a reabsorção radicular apical externa nos incisivos inferiores após  alinhamento e nivelamento ortodôntico com radiografias periapicais digitais. A amostra consistiu de 90 radiografias periapicais de incisivos centrais inferiores de 45 pacientes, sendo 19 homens e 26 mulheres com idade entre 12 e 36 anos (média de 22,7 anos). As radiografias periapicais foram realizadas em dois momentos: 1 - inicial antes do tratamento ortodôntico e 2 - após fase de alinhamento e nivelamento dentário. Todas as radiografias foram digitalizadas através de um scanner de transparência. Todos os pacientes foram tratados pelo mesmo ortodontista e preenchiam os seguintes critérios de inclusão: não ter sido tratado ortodonticamente anteriormente; ausência de exodontia, agenesia, malformação ou defeito nos dentes, dentes supranumerários, tratamento endodôntico e incisivos impactados. O intervalo de tempo entre as radiografias inicial e pós-nivelamento foi de 6 a 12 meses, com tempo médio de 9 meses. Observou-se que 47,8% dos incisivos avaliados apresentaram reabsorção radicular apical externa, sendo a maioria de grau 1 (contorno irregular até reabsorção de 1 mm). Houve associação positiva da reabsorção radicular externa com a forma da raiz triangular. Não houve associação entre a gravidade da reabsorção radicular e o tipo de má oclusão. Observou-se associação entre idade e gravidade da reabsorção, ou seja, pacientes que já atingiram a maturação óssea apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver reabsorção radicular externa apical. Pacientes do sexo feminino foram mais frequentes, mas quando os homens desenvolveram reabsorção radicular externa, tenderam a ser mais graves. Um  paciente adulto, do sexo feminino, com formato de raiz triangular, região apical na forma anatômica de pipeta, independentemente do tipo de má oclusão, tem maior probabilidade de desenvolver reabsorção radicular externa no tratamento ortodôntico. Palavras-chave: Radiografia Dentária Digital. Ortodontia. Reabsorção da Raiz.