27. Inherited and acquired bone collagen disorders (osteogenesis imperfecta and fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium)

Smith, Roger

doi:10.1016/8756-3282(88)90065-8

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Because of the resultant reduction in surface area, the larger, older crystals are less easily resorbed. Poor mineralization can be caused by genetic disorders (Smith, 1988) that cause amino acid substitutions in the proteins produced by osteoblasts, including collagen (Parry and Craig, 1981).…”

Section: Bone As Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some individuals there can also be involvement of the teeth, skin, and sclerae of the eyes (Prockop et al, 1985). Many forms of osteogenesis imperfecta are produced by mutations in the genes for the alpha chain of type I procollagen (Beighton, 1988;Smith, 1988). It is believed that the highly repetitive nature of the amino acid sequence of type I tropocollagen indicates nucleotide sequences coding for it that are also highly repetitive.…”

Section: Osteogenesis Imperfectamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The well-documented negative effects of inactivity have led to attempts to maintain or increase bone mass through exercise programs. There are published reports of hypertrophy of bone under appropriate conditions such as in the dominant arm of tennis players (Jones et al, 1977;Smith et al, 1984). However, the degree to which beneficial effects can be produced by exercise remains uncertain.…”

Section: Exercise and Maintenance Of Bone Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Osteoporosis”: Etiologies, prevention, and treatment

Stini

1990

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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W-ith the steady increase in life expectancies occurring in industrialized countries have come major changes in the causes of morbidity and mortality. The greatest burden on the health care delivery systems in these countries has shifted from the treatment of infectious diseases to extended care of degenerative conditions. One such condition of increasing widespread concern is osteoporosis. Chronic bone loss leading to fractures and secondary infections has become a major problem in the United States, and has been estimated to cost $6 to $8 billion annually.The etiology of osteoporosis is complex, depending upon the interaction of nutritional, endocrinological, and local factors that are subject to a variety of genetic and environmental influences. The stringent requirement of maintaining calcium homeostasis places heavy demands on the primary reservoir of calcium, the skeleton, when intake andlor absorption are inadequate. Inactivity, depriving bone of its weight-bearing function, also initiates bone resorption. Under normal circumstances in the young adult, bone is maintained through continual, balanced turnover of mineral and calcium. When this balance is upset, loss of bone can be slow or rapid, reversible or irreversible. The trabecular compartment with its high surface-to-volume ratio is most rapidly mobilized, but cortical bone is ultimately resorbed as well.Involationaf osteoporosis is conventionally designated as either type i I postmenopauqali or type I1 senile:. Women are affected by both and, because of a generally less-robust skeleton, experience risk of fracture earlier than men on the average. The hormonal and physiological factors involved in the regulation of normal bone physiology and the factors leading to loss of bone mass constitute a n area of active research that is casting light on the fundamental mechanisms underlying bone growth and maintenance in the search for new avenues of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.Currently the fastest growing segment of the population of the United States is the age group 85 years old and older (United Nations, 1986). The increasing numbers of elderly citizens of both sexes have changed the country's demographic profile but the proportion of women living to advanced age has had singular impact. In North America in 1984, males outnumbered females by about 1 million (29 million to 28 million) up to the age of 15 years, but in the age group 65 years old and older, females outnumbered males by 6 million (18 million women, 12 million men) (Stini, 1987). Beyond age 65 years, the disparity in survival continues to grow. In the age group 80 to 84 years, the death rate is currently 107.0 per 1,000 for males and 66.9 per 1,000 for females. Thus, the population of the United States 0 1990 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Bone As Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osteogenesis Imperfectamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise and Maintenance Of Bone Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

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