Studies on the Infection, Colonization, and Movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Kiwifruit Tissues Using a GFPuv-Labeled Strain

Gao, Xiaoning; Huang, Qiling; Zhang, Zhibo; Han, Qingmei; Ke, Xiwang; Qin, Hongqiao; Huang, Lili

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151169

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Most plant pathogenic bacteria infect and colonize the apoplast (Gao et al, ; Sattelmacher, ). Therefore, we investigated whether Shigella is capable of intercellular colonization and causing damage to plant cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pst, which infects plants via open stomata (Panchal et al, 2016), colonized guard cells at 24 hr postinfection (Figure 2a). Similarly, all tested Most plant pathogenic bacteria infect and colonize the apoplast (Gao et al, 2016;Sattelmacher, 2009). Therefore, we investigated whether Shigella is capable of intercellular colonization and causing damage to plant cells.…”

Section: Penetration and Subsequent Internalization Of Shigella Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A human pathogenic bacterium Shigella proliferates in plants through adoption of type III effectors for shigellosis

Lee

Park

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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Shigella, which infects primates, can be transmitted via fresh vegetables; however, its molecular interactions with plants have not been elucidated. Here, we show that four Shigella strains, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri 2a, and S. flexneri 5a, proliferate at different levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Microscopic studies revealed that these bacteria were present inside leaves and damaged plant cells. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged S. boydii and S. flexneri 5a colonized leaves only, whereas S. flexneri 2a colonized both leaves and roots. Using Shigella mutants lacking type III secretion systems (T3SSs), we found that T3SSs that regulate the pathogenesis of shigellosis in humans also play a central role in bacterial proliferation in Arabidopsis. Strikingly, the immunosuppressive activity of two T3S effectors, OspF and OspG, was required for proliferation of Shigella in Arabidopsis. Of note, delivery of OspF or OspG effectors inside plant cells upon Shigella inoculation was confirmed using a split GFP system. These findings demonstrate that the human pathogen Shigella can proliferate in plants by adapting immunosuppressive machinery used in the original host human.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Penetration and Subsequent Internalization Of Shigella Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

A human pathogenic bacterium Shigella proliferates in plants through adoption of type III effectors for shigellosis

Lee

Park

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Most plant pathogenic bacteria infect and colonize the apoplast (Sattelmacher, 2009; Gao et al, 2016). Therefore, we investigated whether Shigella is capable of intercellular colonization and causing damage to plant cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the TEM images revealed colonization of Shigella in the intercellular spaces and attachment to the host cell walls (Figure 2B). The presence of the microbes in the intercellular space resulted in the alteration of the host organelle structure, such as the separation of the plasma membrane from the cell wall, the liberation of cell organelles, and disruption of chloroplasts (Figure 2B (Gao et al, 2016)). This effect was most pronounced in plant cells inoculated with S. b and S. s ; further, S. b and S. s were more commonly found in the intercellular spaces than S. f 2a and S. f 5a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A human pathogenic bacteriumShigellaproliferates in the plant through the adoption of type III effectors for Shigellosis

Lee

Park

et al. 2018

Preprint

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24Human enteropathogenic bacteria has been reported to be transmitted by fresh vegitables. Shigella, which 25 infects primates, is reportedly transmitted by fresh vegetables; however, its molecular interactions with 26 plants have not been elucidated. Here, we show that four Shigella strains, S. boydii (S. b), S. sonnei, S. 27 flexneri 2a (S. f 2a), and S. flexneri 5a (S. f 5a), proliferated at different levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. 28 Microscopic studies revealed that these bacteria were present inside leaves and damaged plant cells. Green 29 fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged S. b and S. f 5a colonized in leaves only, and S. f 2a colonized both leaves 30 and roots. Using mutants lacking type III secretion systems (T3SS), we found that T3SS of Shigella that 31 regulate the pathogenesis of Shigellosis in humans also play a central role in proliferation in Arabidopsis. 32 Strikingly, the immunosuppressive activity of two T3S effectors, OspF and OspG, were needed for the 33 proliferation of Shigella in Arabidopsis. Of note, delivery of OspF or OspG effectors inside of plant cells 34 upon Shigella inoculation was confirmed by using a split GFP system, respectively. These findings 35 demonstrate that the human pathogen Shigella can proliferate in plants by adoption of immunosuppressive 36 machinery for its original host human. 37 38 effectors 41 42 43 65 number of infections might be higher because mild symptoms are not reported (Mortality and Causes of 66 Death, 2016), suggesting that the microorganism may employ a variety of survival strategies not only for 67 human intestinal infection but also for survival in a non-adapted host. Although Shigella contamination has 68 4also been reported in plants (Naimi et al., 2003; Ohadi et al., 2013), it is not yet known whether the 69 bacterium actively invades and/or proliferates inside the plant. 70Unlike animals, plants have no adaptive immune system; instead, each cell possesses an innate 71 immune system. The innate immune system in plants and animals recognizes and suppresses pathogens and 72 has common features that are preserved throughout evolution. Plant pattern recognition receptors recognize 73 conserved microbial or pathogen-associated molecular patterns; the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is 74 activated via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades (Jones and Dangl, 2006). To suppress 75 PTI, bacteria inject effector proteins into plant cells using type III secretion systems (T3SS). To counteract 76 this PTI evasion response, the plant nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat proteins recognize the pathogen 77 effectors; effector-triggered immunity is then activated to accompany the hypersensitive response (Jones and 78 Dangl, 2006). For human or animal intestinal bacteria to infect plants, the PTI must first be disabled. S. 79 enterica serovar Typhimurium, similar to its activity in the mammalian host, uses T3SS to suppress plant 80 immune responses (Schikora et al., 2011; Schikora et al., 2012). In particular, one of the T3S effector 81 p...

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“…While P. syringae pv. actinidiae grows in vitro in a temperature range between 4°C and 35°C with an optimum at 25°C, in vivo bacterial growth is strictly limited by plant defences to temperatures above 25°C (Gao et al, 2016). The inhibition of bacterial growth by wound-healing tissue around the infection at 25°C should be limiting for bacterial spread (Serizawa & Ichikawa, 1993;Young, 2012).…”

Section: Climatic Suitability Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae) in Europe

et al. 2017

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Pest risk analyses (PRAs) are conducted to determine whether an organism is a pest and whether and how it should be regulated. Estimation of the potential area of establishment and pest spread are key factors of this analysis. Tools for modelling and mapping of these key factors have to be quick and easily applicable for a wide variety of organisms with limited data for parameterization. For this purpose, a dispersal kernel model based on a 2Dt‐distribution had been developed in a European Union project (PRATIQUE). The aim of the present study was the evaluation of this spread model hitherto tested on insects, plants, fungi and nematodes in order to determine its applicability to bacterial pests. Therefore, the potential distribution and spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Europe was investigated based on climatic suitability and host plant availability. The results of the modelling were compared with the spread history of the pest in Europe. It is shown that this generic spread model can also be applied to a bacterial pest.

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Studies on the Infection, Colonization, and Movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Kiwifruit Tissues Using a GFPuv-Labeled Strain

Cited by 47 publications

References 33 publications

A human pathogenic bacterium Shigella proliferates in plants through adoption of type III effectors for shigellosis

A human pathogenic bacterium Shigella proliferates in plants through adoption of type III effectors for shigellosis

A human pathogenic bacteriumShigellaproliferates in the plant through the adoption of type III effectors for Shigellosis

Potential spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae) in Europe

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