Beneficial effects of cocoa, coffee, green tea, and garcinia complex supplement on diet induced obesity in rats

Abstract

BackgroundCocoa, coffee, green tea and garcinia contain large amounts of polyphenols. Polyphenols are well-known phytochemicals and found in plants, and have modulated physiological and molecular pathways that are involved in energy metabolism, adiposity, and obesity.MethodsTo evaluate the obesity-lowering effect of a combined extract (comprising cocoa, coffee, green tea and garcinia; CCGG) in high-energy diet (HED)-induced obese rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12 per group): normal diet with vehicle treatment (Control), and HED to receive vehicle or CCGG by oral gavage at 129, 258, or 517 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, designated the HED, 0.5X, 1X and 1X groups, respectively.ResultsHED induced macrovesicular fat in the liver and the formation of adipose tissues, and significantly increased the levels of serum free fatty acids (FFA), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and LDL-C/HDL-C, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ketone bodies in serum, and hepatic TG and TC levels, and decreased the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum and lipase activity in fat tissues. Treatment with CCGG could significantly decrease the levels of FFA, TG, TC, LDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C, AST, ALT, and ketone bodies in serum, and hepatic TG and TC contents, and increase the levels of HDL-C in serum and lipase activity in fat tissues compared to the HED group. Liver histopathology also showed that CCGG could significantly reduce the incidence of liver lesions.ConclusionThese results suggested that CCGG stimulated lipid metabolism in HED-induced obese rats, which is attributable to fat mobilization from adipose tissue.

Kefir Peptides Prevent Hyperlipidemia and Obesity in High‐Fat‐Diet‐Induced Obese Rats via Lipid Metabolism Modulation

“…Visceral cavity body fat is a major contributor of multiple risk factors for diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis . Previous studies demonstrated that obesity adversely affected plasma lipids, including an increase in TG, CHOL, and LDL and decrease in HDL . The present study demonstrated that obese rats actually exhibited elevated TG, CHOL, LDL, FFA, and UA and that KPs decreased the levels of LDL, FFA, and UA, which may partially inhibit adipocyte differentiation (Table ).…”

Evaluation of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate and Neurotransmitters in Experimental Obesity: Impact of Black Pepper and Coffee Aqueous Extracts

“…These results agree with Chioma et al and Huang et al [53,54], who revealed that black pepper and coffee stimulate lipid metabolism and fat mobilization from adipose tissue leading to decrease in FFAs and hepatic lipids and increase the thermogenic response and energy expenditure.…”

“…Supplementation with black pepper, coffee, and their mixture improve the serum ALT, AST (except for coffee + triton group), and kidney urea and creatinine levels (Table 3) and these results agree with Huang et al [54], who stated that coffee may decrease hepatic fatty acid synthesis recovering β-oxidation and reducing lipid peroxidation which further reduces liver enzymes, hepatic steatosis and protect from hepatic injury [55]. However, the opposite effect showed in rats injected with triton as showed high-serum AST than HFD group and this agrees with Rezq and Fathy [20], who suggested that the high-serum AST caused by coffee due to the presence of cafestol and kahweol in coffee that raise the serum concentration of AST and ALT.…”

“…Treatment with black pepper, coffee, and their mixture improved (FER, BMI, and BWG%) and feed intake (Table 2), these results agree with Chioma et al and Huang et al [53,54], who demonstrated that black pepper and coffee increase lipolysis, and thus, stimulates thermogenesis and energy expenditure which leads to a weight reduction.…”

Effect of Thevetia Peruviana on Murine-Induced Obesity

“…Recent publications highlight the potential that natural bioactive products possess in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic and inflammatory disorders and, in addition, their probable impact on obesity and insulin resistance (Huang et al 2016). In an ethnobotanical study, it was identified that a total of 139 plant species native to Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean are utilized empirically for the treatment of obesity.…”