HIV RNA and proviral HIV DNA can be detected in semen after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy although HIV RNA is undetectable in blood

Du, Peiwei; Liu, An; Jiao, Yanmei; Liu, Cuie; Jiang, Taiyi; Zhu, Weijun; Zhu, Yimin; Wu, Hao; Sun, Lijun

doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12361

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Seminal viral shedding of HIV may be associated with co‐infection such as cytomegalovirus , genital inflammations , differences in blood viral loads , ART regimen or duration of ART . In the current study, the undetectable seminal viral load we found after ART may be attributable to the relatively longer duration of ART, which differs from our previous study with only 6 months of ART . Our result is consistent with those of previous studies for 6 months or more than 3 years of ART .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

After 18 months of antiretroviral therapy, total HIV DNA decreases more pronouncedly in patients infected by CRF01_AE than in those infected by subtype B and CRF07_BC

Jiao

et al. 2018

Microbiology and Immunology

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Whether the amount of HIV DNA is associated with the subtype of HIV-1 after antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been reported. In the present study, the amount of HIV DNA and RNA and CD4+T counts in blood and semen prior to and after 18 months of ART were compared in 48 patients infected by CRF01_AE, subtype B or CRF07_BC of HIV-1. Viral RNA was suppressed and CD4 cell count recovery achieved in all patients. The level of HIV DNA were similar before ART; however, patients with CRF01_AE had less HIV DNA after ART than those with subtype B and CRF07_BC infection. According to prediction of co-receptor usage by Geno2Pheno and PSSM in combination, more than 35.6% of clones for CRF01_AE were predicted as CXCR4-using before ART, whereas less than 6% of those for subtype B and CRF07_BC were predicted as CXCR4-using. After 18 months of ART, no CXCR4-using clones were predicted in any of the subtypes. Despite more HIV RNA and fewer CD4 + T cells in patients with CRF01_AE before therapy, no significant differences (P > 0.05) in viral RNA or CD4 cell counts were observed between the subtypes after 18 months of ART. Thus, 18 months of antiretroviral therapy was more efficient in patients with CRF01_AE. Considering that successful ART dramatically reduces the viral load in both blood and semen, risks of sexual transmission of HIV were reduced, contributing to prevention of rapid spread of HIV among men who have sex with men in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

After 18 months of antiretroviral therapy, total HIV DNA decreases more pronouncedly in patients infected by CRF01_AE than in those infected by subtype B and CRF07_BC

Jiao

et al. 2018

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Recently some studies have shown that it is possible to detect integrated HIV DNA in semen cells in long-term ART experienced men. [29,30] It has been pointed intermittent that seminal shedding of HIV (RNA) in spite of suppression of HIV in blood and persistence of HIV DNA in semen should not be considered to place individuals at greater risk for HIV transmission than previously reported. [26,30] So some of the limitations we used in the early years of our program could be dropped in future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural conception in HIV-serodiscordant couples with the infected partner in suppressive antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2016

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The potential of antiretroviral treatment (ART) to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV has increased the number of serodiscordant couples who are considering natural conception. We aim to describe the results of a protocol for reproductive counseling aimed at HIV serodiscordant couples who desire natural conception, in which the infected partner, the index case, is receiving suppressive antiretroviral treatment.A prospective cohort included all HIV serodiscordant couples attended a counseling program in the period 2002 to 2013 who opted for natural conception and met the following criteria: index case on ART with persistent plasma viral suppression for at least the previous 6 months, ART compliance over 95%, preserved immune status, undetectable HIV viral and proviral load in semen in male index cases, and absence of genitourinary infections and fertility problems in both members of the couple.Of the 161 HIV serodiscordant couples included, 133 with male index cases, 66% achieved at least 1 pregnancy, 18% a second one, and 5% a third pregnancy. A total of 144 natural pregnancies occurred and 107 babies were born. The pregnancy rate was 1.9 for each 100 acts of vaginal intercourse, and the mean time to conception was 6.1 months, both independently of the sex of the index case. No case of sexual or vertical HIV transmission occurred.In the absence of fertility problems and under controlled conditions, natural conception might be a safe and effective reproductive method for those HIV serodiscordant couples who choose this reproductive option.

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“…Paired samples of semen and blood were collected from the seven individuals with early HIV‐1‐infection. The methods for isolating blood plasma, PBMCs, seminal cells and seminal plasma were the same as previously described .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C2‐V5 region of the HIV‐1 env gene from RNA of blood plasma and seminal plasma and from DNA of PBMCs and seminal cells was analyzed as previously described .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some studies have reported that the HIV‐1 CRF01_AE subtype is associated with CXCR4 tropism and rapid disease progression in Chinese patients infected with HIV‐1 via sexual transmission . Phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that in some cases cell‐free HIV‐1 viral particles in the seminal fluid are distinct from those isolated from HIV‐1‐infected leucocytes in semen .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Higher viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in seminal compartments than in blood of seven Chinese men who have sex with men and have early HIV‐1 infection

Jiao

Chen

Zhu³

et al. 2017

Microbiology and Immunology

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To date, there have been no reports characterizing HIV-1 in the semen of Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) with early infection. In this study, genetic diversity and viral load of HIV-1 in the seminal compartments and blood of Chinese MSM with early HIV-1 infection were examined. Viral load and genetic diversity of HIV-1 in paired samples of semen and blood were analyzed in seven MSM with early HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 RNA and DNA were quantitated by real-time PCR assays. Through sequencing the C2-V5 region of the HIV-1 env gene, the HIV-1 genotype and genetic diversity based on V3 loop amino acid sequences were determined by using Geno2pheno and PSSM programs co-receptor usage. It was found that there was more HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma than in blood plasma and total, and more 2-LTR circular and integrated HIV-1 DNA in seminal cells than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all seven patients with early HIV-infection. There was also greater HIV-1 genetic diversity in seminal than in blood compartments. HIV-1 in plasma displayed higher genetic diversity than in cells from the blood and semen. In addition, V3 loop central motifs, which present some key neutralizing antibody epitopes, varied between blood and semen. Thus, virological characteristics in semen may be more representative when evaluating risk of transmission in persons with early HIV infection.

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HIV RNA and proviral HIV DNA can be detected in semen after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy although HIV RNA is undetectable in blood

Cited by 11 publications

References 65 publications

After 18 months of antiretroviral therapy, total HIV DNA decreases more pronouncedly in patients infected by CRF01_AE than in those infected by subtype B and CRF07_BC

After 18 months of antiretroviral therapy, total HIV DNA decreases more pronouncedly in patients infected by CRF01_AE than in those infected by subtype B and CRF07_BC

Natural conception in HIV-serodiscordant couples with the infected partner in suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Higher viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in seminal compartments than in blood of seven Chinese men who have sex with men and have early HIV‐1 infection

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