Higher viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in seminal compartments than in blood of seven Chinese men who have sex with men and have early HIV‐1 infection

Jiao, Yan‐Mei; Chen, Guanglei; Zhu, Weijun; Huang, Hui‐Huang; Fu, Junliang; Chen, Weiwei; Shi, Ming; Zhang, Tong; Wu, Hao; Wang, Fusheng

doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12488

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Pillai et al 26 analysed HIV-1 env sequences derived from paired blood and seminal plasma samples from Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database, suggesting the male genital tract as a selective environment contributing to the genetic bottlenecks associated with the sexual transmission of HIV-1. 26 In consistency with our study, Jiao et al 27 reported a higher genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the seminal compartments and blood of seven men who have sex with men (MSM) with early HIV-1 infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity of HIV in seminal plasma remains higher than in blood after short-term antiretroviral therapy

Zúñiga¹,

Caproş

Salazar

et al. 2020

Sex Transm Infect

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ObjectiveTo provide insight on viral kinetics and genetic diversity of HIV in seminal plasma at baseline and 1 month after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).Patients and methodsBlood and seminal samples from patients with newly diagnosed HIV were obtained before ART initiation (T0) and 1 month after ART initiation (T1). HIV env genetic diversity was studied using deep sequencing Nextera and V3 chemistry in a MiSeq Illumina platform. The number of viral quasispecies (5% cut-off) and Shannon Index were used to analyse diversity.ResultsForty-seven ART-naive patients were recruited between September 2016 and November 2018. At enrolment, the number of quasispecies in blood (median 4 (IQR 2–5)) was lower than in the seminal compartment (median 6, (IQR 4–8)) (p<0.01); the Shannon Index was also higher (p<0.001) in the seminal compartment than in blood (1.77 vs 0.64). At T1, for the 13 patients with detectable HIV in both blood/seminal plasma, viral diversity remained higher (p=0.139) in seminal plasma (median 2 (IQR 1–4.5)) than in blood (median 1 (IQR 1–1.5)) Integrase inhibitors (INI)-based regimens achieved higher levels of undetectability and led more frequently to lower variability (p<0.001) than protease inhibitors (PI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI).ConclusionWe provide here further evidence of a larger genetic diversity in seminal plasma, both at diagnosis and short term after ART initiation. Our results strengthen previous findings on HIV diversity in seminal plasma. In addition, INIs decrease variability more rapidly than PI and NNRTI in both blood and seminal plasma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity of HIV in seminal plasma remains higher than in blood after short-term antiretroviral therapy

Zúñiga¹,

Caproş

Salazar

et al. 2020

Sex Transm Infect

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“…[29] Another study in MSM collected paired samples of blood and semen from seven individuals with early HIV-infection: a greater HIV genetic diversity in seminal plasma was observed than in blood plasma. [41] At a median of five weeks after infection, Ritola et al showed evidence for compartmentalization between blood and seminal plasma in one out of six untreated subjects. [30] During chronic HIV infection, genetic compartmentalization between virus strains present in blood and semen has been observed in 61% of the 142 PLWH analyzed in 13 independent studies, showing higher frequency of compartmentalization compared to the acute phase.…”

Section: Compartmentalization In Semen During Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Compartmentalization in Male Genital Tract: Relevance for Viral Eradication

Peng

Isnard

Lin

et al. 2021

Infectious Diseases &Amp; Immunity

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to evolve independently in different anatomical compartments. Characterizing HIV genetic evolution in different tissues and cells provides insights into the mechanisms that maintain the viral reservoir. HIV compartmentalization has been well documented in the semen but rarely in male genital tract (MGT) organs. The precise mechanisms that result in the development of HIV compartmentalization in multiple genitourinary sites have been poorly explored due to the difficulty in accessing these tissues. Based on evidence from lymph nodes and gut tissues, mechanisms that may influence compartmentalization include immune pressures, local concentrations of antiviral drugs, clonal expansion of different cell types and inflammation that alters the cellular microenvironment. We reviewed phylogenetic evidences supporting viral compartmentalization between the blood and multiple genitourinary sites in HIV-infected people. Characterizing distinct viral sub-populations enhances our overall understanding of the HIV reservoir in MGT and could ultimately lead to the development of novel therapies to eradicate the virus in tissues.

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“…The general trend of undetectable SVL in individuals with undetectable BPVL is the basis for utilizing blood sample based assays to determine viral load and resultant infectivity [104]. Deviation from that trend, discordance between BPVL and SVL, has been noted in multiple studies [99,[105][106][107]. SVL is increased by local genital tract inflammation [99,108].…”

Section: Afb 1 Exposure and Hiv Viral Load 221 Hiv Copy Number And Transmission Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Pollutants, Mucosal Barriers, and Pathogen Susceptibility; The Case for Aflatoxin B1 as a Risk Factor for HIV Transmission and Pathogenesis

Madeen

Maldarelli²,

Groopman

2021

Pathogens

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HIV transmission risk is dependent on the infectivity of the HIV+ partner and personal susceptibility risk factors of the HIV− partner. The mucosal barrier, as the internal gatekeeper between environment and self, concentrates and modulates the internalization of ingested pathogens and pollutants. In this review, we summarize the localized effects of HIV and dietary toxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a common pollutant in high HIV burden regions, e.g., at the mucosal barrier, and evidence for pollutant-viral interactions. We compiled literature on HIV and AFB1 geographic occurrences, mechanisms of action, related co-exposures, personal risk factors, and HIV key determinants of health. AFB1 exposure and HIV sexual transmission hotspots geographically co-localize in many low-income countries. AFB1 distributes to sexual mucosal tissues generating inflammation, microbiome changes and a reduction of mucosal barrier integrity, effects that are risk factors for increasing HIV susceptibility. AFB1 exposure has a positive correlation to HIV viral load, a risk factor for increasing the infectivity of the HIV+ partner. The AFB1 exposure and metabolism generates inflammation that recruits HIV susceptible cells and generates chemokine/cytokine activation in tissues exposed to HIV. Although circumstantial, the available evidence makes a compelling case for studies of AFB1 exposure as a risk factor for HIV transmission, and a modifiable new component for combination HIV prevention efforts.

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Higher viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in seminal compartments than in blood of seven Chinese men who have sex with men and have early HIV‐1 infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic diversity of HIV in seminal plasma remains higher than in blood after short-term antiretroviral therapy

Genetic diversity of HIV in seminal plasma remains higher than in blood after short-term antiretroviral therapy

HIV Compartmentalization in Male Genital Tract: Relevance for Viral Eradication

Environmental Pollutants, Mucosal Barriers, and Pathogen Susceptibility; The Case for Aflatoxin B1 as a Risk Factor for HIV Transmission and Pathogenesis

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