Relevant genetic differentiation among Brazilian populations of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Abstract

We used a population genetic approach to detect the presence of genetic diversity among six populations of Anastrepha fraterculus across Brazil. To this aim, we used Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, which may capture the presence of differentiative processes across the genome in distinct populations. Spatial analyses of molecular variance were used to identify groups of populations that are both genetically and geographically homogeneous while also being maximally differentiated from each other. The spatial analysis of genetic diversity indicates that the levels of diversity among the six populations vary significantly on an eco-geographical basis. Particularly, altitude seems to represent a differentiating adaptation, as the main genetic differentiation is detected between the two populations present at higher altitudes and the other four populations at sea level. The data, together with the outcomes from different cluster analyses, identify a genetic diversity pattern that overlaps with the distribution of the known morphotypes in the Brazilian area.

Characterization of microsatellite loci for three species of Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) and absence of cross-species amplification

“…We found the lowest H O value at locus Tin06 (0.05-T. incompleta) and the highest value at loci Tbi02 for T. bicolor and Tgr06 for T. grandis (H E = 0.88). The number of alleles found for Tomoplagia species is consistent with those found in some other species of Tephritidae, such as Anastrepha fraterculus (7-18 alleles per locus, mean = 12.9; Manni et al 2015) and Ceratitis capitata (8-22 alleles per locus, mean = 13.6; Bonizzoni et al 2000), but exceed those found for Anastrepha suspensa (2-12 alleles per locus, mean = 6.1; Fritz and Schable 2004) and Bactrocera tau (2-9 alleles per locus, mean = 4.5; Yan et al 2015). Yan et al (2015) also found a locus with low observed heterozygosity for Bactrocera tau (H O = 0.069), as we found in T. incompleta (locus Tin06).…”

Evidence for Introgression Among Three Species of the Anastrepha fraterculus Group, a Radiating Species Complex of Fruit Flies

“…Although we recognize that A. fraterculus is a species complex in itself and our sampling might include representatives from some of the three cryptic species identified in Brazil ( Selivon and Perondini, 1998 ; Selivon et al, 1999 , 2005 ; Hernández-Ortiz et al, 2012 ; Hendrichs et al, 2015 ; Manni et al, 2015 ; Roriz et al, 2017 ), we failed to find genetic evidence for such lineages in our analyses. Thus, we failed to find significant departures from neutrality other than the suggested population size expansions.…”

Cytogenetic Analysis of the South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera:Tephritidae) Species Complex: Construction of Detailed Photographic Polytene Chromosome Maps of the Argentinian Af. sp.1 Member

“…fraterculus complex. These include studies on morphometrics [ 31 – 35 ], pre- and post-zygotic isolation [ 36 – 43 ] metaphase karyotypes [ 34 , 44 , 45 ], egg morphology and embryonic development [ 46 – 49 ], DNA markers [ 50 – 52 ] and pheromone profiles [ 53 – 56 ]. Some of the more recent studies have tried to incorporate multidisciplinary approaches for the same samples [ 32 , 57 , 58 ].…”