Different gastric microbiota compositions in two human populations with high and low gastric cancer risk in Colombia

Abstract

Inhabitants of Túquerres in the Colombian Andes have a 25-fold higher risk of gastric cancer than inhabitants of the coastal town Tumaco, despite similar H. pylori prevalences. The gastric microbiota was recently shown in animal models to accelerate the development of H. pylori-induced precancerous lesions. 20 individuals from each town, matched for age and sex, were selected, and gastric microbiota analyses were performed by deep sequencing of amplified 16S rDNA. In parallel, analyses of H. pylori status, carriage of the cag pathogenicity island and assignment of H. pylori to phylogeographic groups were performed to test for correlations between H. pylori strain properties and microbiota composition. The gastric microbiota composition was highly variable between individuals, but showed a significant correlation with the town of origin. Multiple OTUs were detected exclusively in either Tumaco or Túquerres. Two operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Leptotrichia wadei and a Veillonella sp., were significantly more abundant in Túquerres, and 16 OTUs, including a Staphylococcus sp. were significantly more abundant in Tumaco. There was no significant correlation of H. pylori phylogeographic population or carriage of the cagPAI with microbiota composition. From these data, testable hypotheses can be generated and examined in suitable animal models and prospective clinical trials.

Gastric microbiota and carcinogenesis: the role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria - A systematic review

“…Another recent study, performed by Yang et al, compared gastric microbiota between two Colombian populations with very different incidences of gastric cancer (Tuquerres have a 25-fold higher risk than the Tumaco) in spite of a similar H. pylori prevalence. Interestingly, these authors found that the gastric microbiota had a significant correlation with the town of origin, with Leptotrichia wadei and Veilonella sp being significantly more common in Tuquerres and Staphylococcus sp significantly more abundant in Tumaco (40). These results demonstrate that this is an area of intensive research and our knowledge about the role of gastric microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis will certainly progress in the near future.…”

Leptotrichia species in human infections II

“…ssp. ( naviforme , nucleatum, polymorphum) , T. denticola , S. anaerobius , S. aureus , S. haemolyticus , S. epidermidis , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization 188M/F 23–59 L. buccalis HealthySaliva G. haemolysans , Veillonella spp., V. parvula , S. gordonii , S. mutans , S. oralis , S. thermophilus , S. termitidis , virus, 314 chips sequencing[76]189M/F 27–57 L. buccalis Endodontic infection, swelling, sinus tract, exudatesRoot canal, mouth E. faecium , E. faecalis , S. epidermidis , S. warneri , P. micra , H. pylori , E. saburreum , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization[77]190F 35 L. buccalis Immunocompetent, pregnant, afebrile, AC, R, pregnancy loss (non-viable infant)Note: 1st case with acute chorioamnionitisAmniotic fluid (bacteremia)Culture, MALDI-TOF MS, bioMérieux Vitek MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[78]191M/F 26–41 L. buccalis Peri-implantitisPeri-implant crevicular fluid P. aeruginosa , A. actinomycetemcomitans , F. periodonticum , A. israelii , E. coli , P. micra , S. anginosus , T. forsythia , S. aureus , S. haemolyticus , C. gracilis , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization[79]192M/F 40–60 L. wadei DS, low gastric cancer riskAntral gastric biopsies, Tumaco Veillonella , Staphylococcus, Haematobacter , Porphyromonas, Catonella , N. flavescens , Sphingomonadaceae, H. pylori , P. oris , Actinomyces , TM7 genera incertae sedis , S. oralis , C. gingivalis , Rothia, Flavobacterium , 16S rRNA gene sequencing, HTS, PCA[80]M/F 40–60 L. wadei DS, high gastric cancer riskAntral gastric biopsies, Túquerres H. pylori , Veillonella , 16S rRNA gene sequencing, HTS, PCA M/F 41–60 Cholelitiasis, non- Opisthorchis felineus , pancreatitis, hepatitis C virusAspirated bile Flectobacillus , Burkholderia, P. mexicana , Xanthobacter, A. lwoffii , A. johnsonii , L. brevis , J. psychrophilus , T. socranskii , T. amylovo...…”

“…Since previous reviews [2,3], Leptotrichia species have been reported in >124 cases [4,7,16,18–69,87–93], whereby 30 cases involved L. buccalis [4,8,15,21,34,52,56,70–79,87], 24 cases L. wadei [4,20,24,34,37,42,48,56,67,80,81,90,93], 16 cases L. trevisanii [4,5,9,10,13,14,17,37,87], 14 cases L. hofstadii [34,40,49,56,81–84,93], 10 cases L. goodfellowii [4,11,12,21,56,74,85,87], eight cases L. hongkongensis [4,6,18,45,47,56], and five L. shahii [34,56,86]. L. trevisanii and L. wadei bacteremia are extremely rare; clinicians should consider these species in cases involving immunocompromised patients with oral lesions [4,5,13,17,87].…”

“…Patient material from tongue plaque, saliva, and the tongue coating of malodor and halitosis patients [42,81] was isolated with L. wadei present. This bacterium was even isolated from the antral gastric biopsy of a dyspeptic patient [80], smokers’ plaque [90], and oropharyngeal samples (Table 2) [93]. …”

“…A few Leptotrichia species were related to 88 incidences of various cancers [4–7,9–11,13–15,17–19,22,28,33,40,57,60,61,66,74,80,87,91], of which 43 cases had neutropenia, sepsis, and fever [4–7,9,10,12–15,17,22,24,33,87], 14 had transplant issues [4,9,10,13,16,17,22,33], 14 mucositis [4,7,9,13–15,17,22,87], 12 various lesions (6, 11, 27, 32, 37, 44, 56 64, 99), and five pneumonia [5,9,11,24,33]. The suspected port of Leptotrichia entry included mucositis, abscesses, wound infections, gingivitis, diverticulitis, peritonitis, neutropenic sepsis, and ulcers (Table 2).…”