Dietary protein intake is associated with body mass index and weight up to 5 y of age in a prospective cohort of twins

Abstract

Background: Few large epidemiologic studies have investigated the role of postweaning protein intake in excess weight and adiposity of young children, despite children in the United Kingdom consistently consuming protein in excess of their physiologic requirements.Objective: We investigated whether a higher proportion of protein intake from energy beyond weaning is associated with greater weight gain, higher body mass index (BMI), and risk of overweight or obesity in children up to 5 y of age.Design: Participants were 2154 twins from the Gemini cohort. Dietary intake was collected by using a 3-d diet diary when the children had a mean age of 21 mo. Weight and height were collected every 3 mo, from birth to 5 y. Longitudinal models investigated associations of protein intake with BMI, weight, and height, with adjustment for age at diet diary, sex, total energy intake, birth weight/length, and rate of prior growth and clustering within families. Logistic regression investigated protein intake in relation to the odds of overweight or obesity at 3 and 5 y of age.Results: A total of 2154 children had a mean ± SD of 5.7 ± 3.2 weight and height measurements up to 5 y. Total energy from protein was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.043; 95% CI: 0.011, 0.075) and weight (β = 0.052; 95% CI: 0.031, 0.074) but not height (β = 0.088; 95% CI: −0.038, 0.213) between 21 mo and 5 y. Substituting percentage energy from fat or carbohydrate for percentage energy from protein was associated with decreases in BMI and weight. Protein intake was associated with a trend in increased odds of overweight or obesity at 3 y (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 0.99, 1.22, P = 0.075), but the effect was not statistically significant at 5 y.Conclusion: A higher proportion of energy from protein during the complementary feeding stage is associated with greater increases in weight and BMI in early childhood in this large cohort of United Kingdom children.

Overexpression of CYB5R3 and NQO1, two NAD+‐producing enzymes, mimics aspects of caloric restriction

“…Conversely, there was clear reduction in key regulators of the lipid oxidation process, including PGC‐1α, SIRT3, ACAA2, and HADHSC in RedTg livers. It has been previously reported that ad libitum‐fed animals on diets that are high in carbohydrates, but low in proteins, have greater adiposity and the longest lifespan (Solon‐Biet et al., 2014), although the association between the intake of protein/carbohydrates and adiposity is still a matter of debate (Fontana et al., 2016; Maida et al., 2016; Solon‐Biet et al., 2015) including prospective cohort studies of humans (Berryman, Agarwal, Lieberman, Fulgoni & Pasiakos, 2016; Pimpin, Jebb, Johnson, Wardle & Ambrosini, 2016). Nonetheless, the maintenance of body weight in older RedTg mice may be due to higher fat accumulation than in Wt controls, in agreement with our recent study that showed a positive correlation between mouse longevity and conservation of body fat (Mitchell et al., 2016).…”

Alimentação Complementar De Lactentes Atendidos Em Uma Unidade Básica De Saúde Da Família No Nordeste Brasileiro

“…Além das DCVs, as dislipidemias, hipertensão arterial e hiperglicemia têm sido observadas (22) . Os mesmos possuem alto teor de sódio e de lipídeos, e em nada acrescentam a alimentação infantil, trazendo como consequências o aumento de peso e anemia ferropriva (8,(20)(21) .…”

“…A obesidade acarreta complicações orgânico-funcionais, como doenças crônico-degenerativas (diabetes, hipertensão arterial, doenças coronarianas), e psicossociais, como afastamento das relações sociais, vergonha, exclusão e distúrbios na consciência corporal (8) . A obesidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial; no caso das crianças, nos últimos 10 anos, houve um aumento de 40% nos índices de obesidade infantil (9) .…”

“…A obesidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial; no caso das crianças, nos últimos 10 anos, houve um aumento de 40% nos índices de obesidade infantil (9) . Em 2015 28,1% das crianças entre 2 e 5 anos da região Nordeste apresentaram excesso de peso (7)(8)(9) . Para classificação do estado nutricional das crianças, o Ministério da Saúde adota as curvas de crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil da OMS, as quais classificam as crianças entre 0 e 5 anos segundo a relação peso/idade, através de percentis: baixo peso (IMC<P3), peso normal (P3<IMC<P85), sobrepeso (85 ≤ IMC< P97) e obesidade (1) .…”

Breastfeeding and complementary feeding associated with body composition in 18–19 years old adolescents in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort

“…The association of introduction of complementary foods and body composition in childhood was assessed in some studies [17][18][19] . Although there is scant evidence regarding introduction of complementary foods and body composition on later periods such adolescence and adulthood based on prospective studies [20].…”