Association Between Necropsy Evidence of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemostatic Variables Before Death in Horses With Colic

Cesarini, Carla; Cotovio, Mário; Ríos, José; Armengou, Lara; Jose‐Cunilleras, Eduard

doi:10.1111/jvim.13659

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…In equine medicine, it has been used as an important tool for detection of abnormal coagulation process in horses with colic (Welch et al, 1992). Previous studies on equine colic have proven the importance of fibrinolysis markers for evaluating the hypercoagulation state (Sandholm et al , 1995;Goldman et al, 1995;Armengou et al, 2008;Delgado et al, 2009 a and b ; Cesarini et al, 2010;Cesarini et al, 2014;Cesarini et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

El-Zahar¹,

Bayoumi²,

Shalaby³

et al. 2017

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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A total of 32 horses examined from the period between July 2015 and July 2017 were included in the present study. Horses were grouped according to the results of the general clinical examination and the diagnosis. Ten horses were apparently healthy used as control horses (Group I) and 22 research Article Abstract | The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of the plasma D-dimer in healthy horses and in horses with colic and to compare it before and after therapy. Thirty-two horses were included; 22 horses showed signs of abdominal pain. Horses were grouped according to clinical and laboratory examination results into healthy horses (Group I, n=10); horses with colic associated with enteritis and/or colitis (Group II, n=16) were presented with moderate intermittent abdominal pain with increased peristalsis and increased frequency of defecation; horses with colic associated with impaction of the intestine (Group III, n=6) were presented with severe abdominal pain and decreased fecal output. There was significant increase in the concentration of plasma D-dimer in horses with impaction of the intestine and horses with enteritis and/or colitis compared to clinically healthy horses. Therapeutic trials resulted in improvement of the D-dimer concentration where the concentration of plasma D-dimer was significantly decreased in horses with enteritis and/or colitis and in horses with impaction of the intestine after therapy compared to its concentration before therapy. In conclusion, D-dimer is a sensitive marker for detection of excessive fibrinolysis in horses. Higher concentration of plasma D-dimer is observed in severe cases of colic and might reflect poor prognosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

El-Zahar¹,

Bayoumi²,

Shalaby³

et al. 2017

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…Critically ill human and animal patients often exhibit signs of coagulopathy, with a hypercoagulable state preceding deterioration into disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Several studies have documented that horses with ischemic or inflammatory gastrointestinal disease are at increased risk for coagulopathy that may progress to DIC and death (Cesarini, Cotovio, Rios, Armengou, & Jose‐Cunilleras, ; Dolente, Wilkins, & Boston, ; Epstein, ; Epstein, Brainard, Giguere, Vrono, & Moore, ). Therefore, in patients with potential hypercoagulability, treatment with COX‐1‐specific inhibitors (e.g., aspirin) might be indicated (Epstein, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro anti‐LPS dose determination of ketorolac tromethamine and in vivo safety of repeated dosing in healthy horses

Bianco

Moore

Cooper

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Flunixin meglumine (FM) is a commonly used Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in horses, but clinical efficacy is often unsatisfactory. Ketorolac tromethamine (KT) demonstrates superior efficacy compared to other NSAIDs in humans, but its anti-inflammatory effects have not been investigated in the horse. Safety of repeated dosing of KT has not been evaluated. The first objective was to conduct a dose determination study to verify that a previously described dosage of KT would inhibit Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced eicosanoid production in vitro, and to compare KT effects of this inhibition to those of FM. Then, a randomized crossover study was performed using nine healthy horses to evaluate plasma concentrations of KT and FM following IV administration. Administered dosages of KT and FM were 0.5 mg/kg and 1.1 mg/kg, respectively. Safety following six repeated doses of KT was assessed.Ketorolac tromethamine and FM suppressed LPS-induced Thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) and Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production in vitro for up to 12 hr. Intravenous administration produced plasma concentrations of KT and FM similar to previous reports. No adverse effects were observed. A KT dosage of 0.5 mg/kg IV inhibited LPS-induced eicosanoids in vitro, and repeated dosing for up to 3 days appears safe in healthy horses. Investigation of in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of KT is warranted.

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“…Punkt odcięcia dla wymienionych wyżej parametrów, Cesarini przyjął na poziomie > 15 s dla PT, > 65 s dla APTT, > 1000 ng/mL dla stężenia D-dimerów i < 140% dla aktywności ATIII. Niestety, nie wykazano korelacji pomiędzy przyżyciowym rozpoznaniem postawionym na tej podstawie a obecnością złogów fibryny w naczyniach włosowatych stwierdzaną post mortem w badaniu histopatologicznym (5,6,48). W 2001 r. International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) opracowało skalę punktową (DIC Scoring System) pomocną przy rozpoznawaniu jawnej postaci DIC u ludzi.…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

“…Diagnostyka zespołu DIC u zwierząt także opiera się na powyższych wytycznych. Zmiany w co najmniej 3 z 6 wymienionych wyżej parametrów bez objawów klinicznych wskazują na podkliniczną postać DIC (5,17). U koni małopłytkowość towarzysząca morzyskom może być również wynikiem uszkodzenia integralności błony śluzowej jelita i rozwoju zapalenia z następowym uwalnianiem prozapalnych cytokinin, które wpływają na proces dojrzewania megakariocytów i trombopoezę, przez co produkcja płytek krwi ulega upośledzeniu, a powstające trombocyty są mniejsze, ponieważ wielkość płytek jest determinowana w momencie ich po-wstawania (8,24).…”

Section: Artykuł Przeglądowy Reviewunclassified

Coagulation system in horses in the aspect of comparative pathology

Abramowicz¹,

Milczak²,

Kaczmarek³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The coagulation system, which is responsible for maintaining an organism’s hemostasis, is present in all mammals; nevertheless, there are differences in the dynamics of processes of coagulation activation and fibrinolysis in individual species. In horses, the development of hemostasis processes is different at all stages in comparison to humans. Primary hemostasis is maintained at a relatively low number of thrombocytes with coexisting differences in the structure and morphology of blood platelets. For many years, primary hemostasis has been determined solely on the basis of coagulation time; currently, lumiagregometry or impedance aggregation is used. New techniques and technologies allow an ever broader view of the pathogenesis of many diseases in terms of the coagulation system’s abnormalities, which either stand for an etiologic factor or only accompany the disease (they are its result). In the course of horse colic, especially in acute and recurrent forms, there are several changes in the parameters of the hemostatic system. It is believed that DIC is the most common coagulopathy. However, there is are no definite life-extending criteria as well as postmortem diagnosis of this syndrome. Changes in blood rheology after exercise are primarily due to an increase in hematocrit. The impact of exercise on the coagulation system in horses was analyzed, and showed a tendency in EPIH horses for the occurrence of hypercoagulability with the prolongation of blood coagulation parameters. The role and the contribution of the coagulation system in the etiopathogenesis of equine laminitis is not clear; in the case of carbohydrate overdosage microtrombosis, reduced platelet survival and their over-aggregation have been reported. Clinical studies in sick animals show that coagulopathy such as DIC and antithrombin deficiency are not primary factors in the etiopathogenesis of laminitis..

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Association Between Necropsy Evidence of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemostatic Variables Before Death in Horses With Colic

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

In vitro anti‐LPS dose determination of ketorolac tromethamine and in vivo safety of repeated dosing in healthy horses

Coagulation system in horses in the aspect of comparative pathology

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