“…Additionally, tRNA genes and SINE elements are also enriched at TAD borders [2], suggesting that TFIIIC, which binds to these sequences, may also be involved in mediating long range interactions [10, 35]. Furthermore, tRNA-like Mammalian-wide Interspersed Repeat (MIR) elements were recently characterized as a new group of sequences in the human genome that possess canonical insulator activity, are close to TAD borders, and appear to be CTCF-independent, suggesting the existence of proteins that bind these sequences with an architectural function [36]. These results suggest that Znf143, YY1, and TFIIIC along with its interaction partner the condensin II complex, may function as new architectural proteins in the mammalian genome but additional functional studies are required to verify their involvement in organizing chromatin contacts.…”