The prevalence of thyroid cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism

Abstract

Objectives:To determine the prevalence of thyroid cancer in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods:This is a retrospective observational study using the data of 71 Omani patients with a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to Grave’s disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and solitary toxic adenoma. These patients underwent thyroidectomy at the Royal Hospital (RH), Muscat, Oman, and were followed up at the National Diabetes and Endocrine Center (NDEC) between 2007 and 2013. The details were collected from the medical records of both the RH and the NDEC. Patients who underwent thyroidectomy for other reasons like non-toxic goiter and hypothyroidism with cancer were excluded from the study.Results:Thyroid cancer was identified in 32.8% (n=23) of patients with hyperthyroidism. Half of these patients 52.1% (n=12) had papillary micro-cancer (intra-thyroidal), and 3 patients with Grave’s disease (13%) had lymph nodes metastasis (loco-regional infiltration. The cancer preponderance was higher in young (n=21, 91.3%) and female patients (n=18, 73.9%). Most patients with thyroid cancer had abnormal ultrasound neck findings and thyroid scintigraphy (99 mTc uptake).Conclusion:Many patients with hyperthyroidism in Muscat, Oman, especially those with Grave’s disease, show malignancy, and hence a proper initial evaluation of these patients is required as part of long-term management.

MAPK and SHH pathways modulate type 3 deiodinase expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma

“…Clinical hypothyroidism seems to be a risk factor for several neoplasias such as liver cancer, thyroid malignancies, high-grade glioblastomas and human breast cancer (Reddi et al 2007, Polyzos et al 2008, Hassan et al 2009, Angelousi et al 2012. In contrast, increased TH levels have been associated with higher risk of esophageal, thyroid, breast and ovarian cancer development (Turkyilmaz et al 2005, Rasool et al 2014, Kunjumohamed et al 2015. Changes in the intracellular TH concentration due to alterations in the deiodinases status seem to be critical for modulating cell proliferation and differentiation.…”

Incidental thyroid carcinoma in surgery-treated hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

“…The majority (73–84.5%) of subjects were female. Seven studies 28 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 had available data on thyroid microcarcinoma, which contributed to 65.59% of the total cancer occurrence. The definitions of GD and hyperthyroidism were based on clinical decisions and symptoms (diagnostic details are shown in Table S1 ).…”

“…All definitions of thyroid cancer were based on postsurgical pathological results (histological definitions and classifications can be seen in Table S2 ). Besides GD, four studies 27 , 28 , 34 , 36 included surgery-treated hyperthyroid patients with TA, while ten studies 28 – 37 included those with TNG. The indications as well as types of thyroidectomy are also listed in Table S1 .…”

“…PTC is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma, especially in incidental carcinoma. 18 Eight studies 28 – 31 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 reported incidental PTC with clear definition (including single papillary carcinoma, occult papillary carcinoma, multifocal papillary carcinoma, and papillary microcarcinoma). The overall meta-analysis and subgroup analysis according to the etiology of hyperthyroidism provided similar results regarding the overall risk of ITC ( Figure S1 ).…”

The impact of thyroid tumor features on lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients in head and neck department at KAMC: A retrospective cross-sectional study

“…Additional studies performed in Saudi Arabia have shown that the primary tumor size is 2.3 cm (23 mm), and the other tumor size is 2.15 cm (21.5 mm) [ 2 ]. Earlier studies showed that females were affected more often than males; the cause behind the females' higher incidence is not well understood [ 2 , 22 ]. However, in this study, both genders were equal.…”