25I-NBOMe: The legal LSD

Ezquiaga, I.; Grifell, M.; Galindo, L.; Martínez, Leticia; Palma, Á.; Quintana, P.; Ventura, Montserrat Carbonell; Ribera, Enriqueta Pujol; Pujol, L.; Fornís, I.; Torrens, Marta; Farré, Magı́

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.006

Cited by 3 publications

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“…While the overall proportion of alleged LSD samples that contain these unexpected substances remains low, drug‐checking service data where DOx and 25x‐NBOMe are detected show that these drugs are sold as LSD. For example, in Spain from 2012 to 2015, 25I‐NBOMe was detected in 56 samples, 43% of which were alleged to be LSD (Ezquiaga et al, ). In the same Spanish service from 2009 to 2014, DOC was detected in 41 samples, 42% of which were alleged to be LSD (Grifell et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe at Portugal's Boom Festival

Martins

Barratt

Pires

et al. 2017

Human Psychopharmacology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe at Portugal's Boom Festival

Martins

Barratt

Pires

et al. 2017

Human Psychopharmacology

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“…The NBOMes class, mostly represented by the 25I-, 25B-and 25C-NBOMe compounds, is one example among many potentially lethal new psychoactive substances (NPSs) [1,2]. It is worthy noticed that, according to the previous reports, the deceased may accidentally ingest 25I-NBOMe as counterfeited LSD which is much more dangerous than LSD [3,4]. For this reason, research papers and case reports on these substances are of great interest for the forensic chemistry and toxicology communities [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seized Blotters Containing One Regioisomer of 25I-NBOMe

Xiao-yu¹,

Yanbiao²,

Lisheng³

et al. 2018

Forensic Biomechanics

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The Novel Psychoactive Substances in the UK Project: empirical and conceptual review work to produce research recommendations

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough illegal drug use has largely been declining in the UK over the past decade, this period has witnessed the emergence of a range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) (‘legal highs’). These are new, mostly synthetic, substances that mimic the effects of existing drugs). Despite there being many causes for concern in relation to NPS, there has been little prior study of the burden associated with their use in public health terms. Clarity is lacking on research priorities in this rapidly developing literature.ObjectivesTo inform the development of public health intervention research on NPS by reviewing existing data on their use, associated problems and potential responses to such problems.DesignA scoping review and narrative synthesis of selected bodies of evidence was undertaken to summarise and evaluate what is known about NPS use and the related harms of, and responses to, such use. Relevant literature was identified from electronic databases (covering January 2006 to June 2016 inclusive), Google (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA), relevant websites and online drug forums and by contacting experts. Articles were included if they were primary studies, secondary studies involving the analysis and interpretation of primary research or discussion papers. A conceptual framework postulating an evidence-informed public health approach to NPS use in the UK was developed through a pragmatic literature review, the iterative development of concepts and finalisation in light of the results from the empirical review work. The process also involved feedback from various stakeholders. Research recommendations were developed from both strands of work.ResultsA total of 995 articles were included in the scoping review, the majority of which related to individual-level health-related adverse effects attributable to NPS use. The prevalence of lifetime NPS use varied widely between (e.g. with higher prevalence in young males) and within population subgroups. The most commonly reported adverse effects were psychiatric/other neurological, cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal manifestations, and there is limited evidence available on responses. In these and other respects, available evidence is at an early stage of development. Initial evidence challenges the view that NPS should be treated differently from other illicit drugs. The conceptual framework indicated that much of the evidence that would be useful to inform public health responses does not yet exist. We propose a systems-based prevention approach that develops existing responses, is multilevel and life course informed in character, and emphasises commonalities between NPS and other legal and illegal drug use. We make 20 recommendations for research, including nine key recommendations.LimitationsScoping reviews do not interrogate evidence in depth, and the disjunction between the scoping review and the conceptual framework findings is worthy of careful attention.ConclusionsKey research recommendations build on those that have previously been made and offer more evidence-based justification and detail, as previous recommendations have not yet been acted on. The case for decision-making on commissioning new research based on these recommendations is both strong and urgent.Future workThe validity of recommendations generated through this project could be enhanced via further work with research commissioners, policy-makers, researchers and the public.Study registrationThe systematic review element of this study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016026415.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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25I-NBOMe: The legal LSD

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe at Portugal's Boom Festival

The detection and prevention of unintentional consumption of DOx and 25x‐NBOMe at Portugal's Boom Festival

Seized Blotters Containing One Regioisomer of 25I-NBOMe

The Novel Psychoactive Substances in the UK Project: empirical and conceptual review work to produce research recommendations

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