Expression Analysis of Cathepsin F during Embryogenesis and Early Developmental Stage in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Abstract

Cathepsins are members of the multigene family of lysosomal cysteine proteinases and have regulated function in several life processes. The potential role of cathepsin F cysteine gene was expected as protease in the yolk processing mechanism during early developmental stage, but expression analysis was unknown after fertilization. The alignment analysis showed that amino acid sequence of cathepsin F from olive flounder liver expressed sequence tag (EST) homologous to cathepsin F of other known cathepsin F sequences with 87-98% identity. In this study, we examined the gene expression analysis of cathepsin F in various tissues at variety age flounder. Tissue distribution of the cathepsin F mRNA has been shown to be ubiquitous and constitutive pattern regardless of age in each group, although derived from cDNA library using liver sample. The mRNA level of cathepsin F more increased as developmental proceed during embryogenesis and early developmental stage, especially increased in the blastula, hatching stage and 3 days post hatching (dph). As a result, it may suggest that the proteolysis of yolk proteins (YPs) has been implicated as a mechanism for nutrient supply during early larval stages in olive flounder.

Transcriptomics analysis reveals candidate genes and pathways for susceptibility or resistance to Singapore grouper iridovirus in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

“…(3) Cathepsin F, which is a member of the multigene family of lysosomal cysteine proteinases, that has regulatory roles in several homeostasis processes (Lee et al, 2013); (4) CYP8B1, which plays an important role in the synthesis of cholesterol and bile acids (Lorbek et al, 2012); (5) FMO2; (6) FMO5, which are members of the flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) gene family, which oxidize a variety of soft nucleophilic substrates (Mccombie et al, 1996); (7) THRB, which is a thyroid hormone receptor (THR) that mediates thyroid hormone action; (8) UGT1A1, which is an enzyme on the glucuronidation pathway; studies have indicated that polymorphisms in its promoter are associated with various diseases and drug responses (Shin et al, 2015); (9) TLR5. Which encodes a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family playing fundamental roles in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immune responses; and (10) UGT2A1, which encodes an enzyme in the glucuronidation pathway; it transforms small lipophilic molecules such as steroids and drugs into water-soluble, excretable metabolites.…”

Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profile analyses reveal the potential roles of sex‐biased miRNA–mRNA pairs in gonad tissues of the Chinese concave‐eared torrent frog (Odorrana tormota)

“…Most mature miRNA sequences are conserved across amphibians, fish, and mammals (Kloosterman & Plasterk, ). Recently, miRNA expression has also been examined in the gonads of fish and mammals, such as allotetraploid hybrid fish and Carassius auratus (Zhou et al, ), P. fulvidraco (Cao et al, ), O. niloticus (Xiao et al, ), P. olivaceus (Lee et al, ), primates (Yan et al, ), and mice (Reid et al, ), using next‐generation sequencing technologies. These studies show that miRNAs are very important for sex differentiation and gonadal development.…”