Proposal for a New Noncontact Method for Measuring Tongue Moisture to Assist in Tongue Diagnosis and Development of the Tongue Image Analyzing System, Which Can Separately Record the Gloss Components of the Tongue

Nakaguchi, Toshiya; Takeda, Kanako; Ishikawa, Yuya; Oji, Takeshi; Yamamoto, Satoshi; Tsumura, Norimichi; Ueda, Keigo; Nagamine, Koichi; Namiki, Takao; Miyake, Yoichi

doi:10.1155/2015/249609

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Our study involved many Kampo specialists, who may vary in their definitions of each finding. Such variations should be standardized with the advent of modern devices that can objectively examine a patient's tongue [ 34 ], abdominal wall [ 35 ], or pulse [ 36 ]. These objective findings will be incorporated into our model in the future to improve data reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Difference between the Two Representative Kampo Formulas for Treating Dysmenorrhea: An Observational Study

Yoshino

Katayama

Horiba

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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In Kampo medicine, two different formulas are effective for treating dysmenorrhea—tokishakuyakusan and keishibukuryogan; however, the criteria by which specialists select the appropriate formula for each patient are not clear. We compared patients treated with tokishakuyakusan and those with keishibukuryogan and proposed a predictive model. The study included 168 primary and secondary dysmenorrhea patients who visited the Kampo Clinic at Keio University Hospital. We collected clinical data from 128 dysmenorrhea patients, compared the two patient groups and selected significantly different factors as potential predictors, and used logistic regression to establish a model. An external validation was performed using 40 dysmenorrhea patients. Lightheadedness, BMI < 18.5, and a weak abdomen were significantly more frequent in the tokishakuyakusan group; tendency to sweat, heat intolerance, leg numbness, a cold sensation in the lower back, a strong abdomen, and paraumbilical tenderness and resistance were more frequent in the keishibukuryogan group. The final model fitted the data well. Internally estimated accuracy was 81.2%, and a leave-one-out cross-validation estimate of accuracy was 80.5%. External validation accuracy was 85.0%. We proposed a model for predicting the use of two Kampo formulas for dysmenorrhea, which should be validated in prospective trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Difference between the Two Representative Kampo Formulas for Treating Dysmenorrhea: An Observational Study

Yoshino

Katayama

Horiba

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…16 Moreover; estimating the prevalence of tongue lesions worldwide proves to be an arduous task. 17 The extracted data from these oral health surveys are essential for preparing health strategies in the commu nity.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue lesions and anomalies in a sample of Yemeni dental patients: A cross-sectional study.

Al-Wesabi¹,

Al-Hajri

Shamala³

et al. 2017

J Oral Res

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Background: Tongue examination helps considerably in diagnosing the un derlying health state of the patient, especially in the cases of chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and association of tongue lesions with risk factors among Yemeni dental patients. Materials and methods: An oral medicine specialist examined all 713 patients attending the dental polyclinics at the University of Sciences and Technology (Sana'a, Yemen). The examination sheet was designed to include information related to patient characteristics, medical history, dental history, habits, and tongue lesions. Results: The prevalence of tongue lesions among the examined participants was 76.5%. The prevalence rate was 83.4% for males and 69.2% for females. Fissured tongue was the most common condition. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.007), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p=0.001) were associated with fissured tongue; gender (p<0.001), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p<0.001) were associated with hairy tongue; and older age (p<0.001), khat chewing (p=0.001), and smoking (p=.021) were associated with coated tongue. Conclusion: The prevalence of tongue lesions among this sample of Yemeni population was 76.5%; fissured tongue and hairy tongue were the most prevalent lesions. Khat chewing, smoking, and older age were the associated risk factors for many of studied lesions and anomalies.

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“…This is the first report to demonstrate objective criterion by which TC can be used for the screening of EG. To clarify the relationships and develop an objective system, we constructed the TIAS system with which we can take photographs of the tongue for computerized analysis [ 17 , 18 ]. Using TIAS, we examined the associations between tongue color and the endoscopic findings of gastric cancer screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported on the functionality of the TIAS system, which is equipped with a diffused light source for recording the state of the tongue surface [ 17 , 18 , 23 ]. In brief, when doing photography using TIAS (film image was 1280 × 1024-pixels), calibration of the camera and light source is performed only once, when the power is turned on.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, with these techniques the gloss on the tongue is visible when the image is captured and the system cannot correctly obtain the color of the portion of the tongue masked by the gloss. Recently, we constructed a tongue image analysis system (TIAS) that can be used for computer-aided tongue diagnosis based on tongue color [ 17 , 18 ]. The key characteristic of the tongue imaging method in TIAS is the exclusion of the influence of external light by use of an integrating sphere to achieve an evenly distributed light intensity with a halogen light source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between objective tongue color and endoscopic findings: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa population study (KOPS)

Kainuma

Furusyo

Urita

et al. 2015

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe relation between tongue color and gastroesophageal disease is unclear. This study was done to investigate the associations between tongue color (TC), endoscopic findings, Helicobacter.pylori infection status, and serological atrophic gastritis (SAG).MethodsThe participants were 896 residents of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, aged 28–86 years. The tongue was photographed, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done, and serum antibody to H.pylori was measured. SAG was defined as a serum Pepsinogen (PG)Ilevel ≤70 ng/ml and a PGI/IIratio ≤3.0. TC was measured by the device-independent international commission on Illumination 1976 L*a*b* color space standards at four points: (1) edge, (2) posterior, (3) middle, and (4) apex. We also calculated the ratio of the tongue edge to the three other measured points to examine the association between the coating of the tongue and the endoscopic and laboratory findings.ResultsParticipants were excluded who had two or more endoscopic findings (n = 315) or who had SAG without seropositivity to H.pylori (n = 33). The remaining 548 participants were divided into three groups: SAG and seropositive to H.pylori (n = 67), seropositive to H.pylori alone (n = 56), and without SAG and seronegative for H.pylori (n = 425). We divided 425 residents into a single endoscopic finding positive group (n = 207) and a negative group, which served as a control (n = 218). The most frequent single endoscopic finding was esophageal hernia (n = 110), followed by erosive esophagitis (n = 35) and erosive gastritis (EG) (n = 45). EH was significantly associated with TC (2b*/1b*) (P < 0.05). EG was significantly associated with TC (3a*, 3b*) (P < 0.05). Seropositivity to H.pylori was significantly associated with TC (3 L*, 3 L*/1 L*) (P < 0.05, <0.01), and seropositivity to both H.pylori and SAG was significantly associated with TC (3 L*/1 L*) (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis extracted TC (3a*, 3b*) as an independent factor associated with a differential diagnosis of EG (Odds ratio (OR) 2.66 P = 0.008, OR 2.17 P = 0.045).ConclusionsThe tongue body color of the middle area reflects acute change of gastric mucosa, such as erosive gastritis. Tongue diagnosis would be a useful, non-invasive screening tool for EG.

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Proposal for a New Noncontact Method for Measuring Tongue Moisture to Assist in Tongue Diagnosis and Development of the Tongue Image Analyzing System, Which Can Separately Record the Gloss Components of the Tongue

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

The Difference between the Two Representative Kampo Formulas for Treating Dysmenorrhea: An Observational Study

The Difference between the Two Representative Kampo Formulas for Treating Dysmenorrhea: An Observational Study

Tongue lesions and anomalies in a sample of Yemeni dental patients: A cross-sectional study.

The association between objective tongue color and endoscopic findings: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa population study (KOPS)

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