“…The nature of heart transplantation (surgical trauma, ischemia, cardiac denervation, acute rejection, and donor characteristics) often results in sinus node dysfunction (SND) and chronotropic incompetence. The development of symptomatic SND (including chronotropic incompetence) may be related to surgical trauma/technique, with a higher incidence with the biatrial compared to bicaval anastomosis 2–5 necessitating implantation of permanent pacemakers in up to 24% of patients with heart transplantation in some series.…”
Late-onset AV block occurs in 2.4% of patients with orthotopic heart transplant or heart-lung transplant. AV block is predominantly intermittent and, often, does not progress to permanent AV block. There are no predictable factors for its onset.
“…The nature of heart transplantation (surgical trauma, ischemia, cardiac denervation, acute rejection, and donor characteristics) often results in sinus node dysfunction (SND) and chronotropic incompetence. The development of symptomatic SND (including chronotropic incompetence) may be related to surgical trauma/technique, with a higher incidence with the biatrial compared to bicaval anastomosis 2–5 necessitating implantation of permanent pacemakers in up to 24% of patients with heart transplantation in some series.…”
Late-onset AV block occurs in 2.4% of patients with orthotopic heart transplant or heart-lung transplant. AV block is predominantly intermittent and, often, does not progress to permanent AV block. There are no predictable factors for its onset.
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