Acute eccentric resistance exercise decreases matrix metalloproteinase activity in obese elderly women

Abstract

The association of ageing with obesity commits elderly women and has been correlated with multiple degenerative processes, which could be occasioned by an enhancing in levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 (MMPs) as well by an cytokine unbalance that included an enhancing on interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, other factors could be also related to degenerative process, as they could be reduced by eccentric resistance exercise (ERE), which seems particularly important to initiate resistance training in obese older adults. In this view, this study aims to determinate the effects of an acute ERE session on serum MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-6 in elderly obese women. Ten elderly obese women participated in this study and completed a 10 repetitions maximum test (10 RM) utilizing leg extension exercise. Subjects then completed an acute ERE session consisting of seven sets of 10 repetitions at 110% of 10 RM with a rest of 3 min between sets. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 3, 24 and 48 h following the ERE session. Zymograms were utilized to measure the MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes from all individuals. Moreover, IL-6 concentration was also determinated. After ERE session, MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased, remaining significantly below baseline values after 48 h (P<0·05). Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for IL-6 to decrease 48 h after the ERE when compared with 3 h (P = 0·06). An acute ERE session decreases MMP-9, MMP-2 and IL-6 in elderly obese women, possibly indicating a transient protection against the low grade inflammation present in this specific population.

Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase responses to muscle damage after eccentric exercise

“…Obese people are known to have an imbalance in inflammatory factors ( Jung and Choi, 2014 ). Nascimento et al (2016) also demonstrated that exercise may result in anti-inflammatory responses by reducing MMP-2 and -9 levels because obese individuals maintain a high inflammatory response, even at rest, as compared with healthy subjects. Therefore, future studies should also examine changes in and the relationships among MMP-2, -9, and inflammatory factors following eccentric exercise in healthy subjects.…”

“…Similarly Mackey et al (2004) reported that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels are significantly increased following eccentric exercise. In contrast, Nascimento et al (2016) reported that MMP-2 and -9 levels actually decrease after eccentric exercise, whereas Madden et al (2011) reported that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels remain unchanged after eccentric exercise.…”

“…Most existing studies have produced limited results due to the use of animal models. Recently, Nascimento et al (2016) reported that acute eccentric exercise reduces the levels of MMP-2 and -9 up to 48 hr following exercise and interleukin-6 levels were also reduced. These data suggest that MMP-2 and -9 levels may be altered in parallel to changes in the expression of inflammatory factors.…”

“…These data suggest that MMP-2 and -9 levels may be altered in parallel to changes in the expression of inflammatory factors. However, Nascimento et al (2016) studied obese women, whereas most previous studies of eccentric exercise have been conducted in healthy subjects. Obese people are known to have an imbalance in inflammatory factors ( Jung and Choi, 2014 ).…”

Endogenous dipeptidyl peptidase IV modulates skeletal muscle arteriolar diameter in rats

“…This finding was extended to skeletal muscle myocytes by Neidert et al (2016), who showed that blocking the MMPs present in whey protein resulted in reduced DPP-IV shedding from the myocyte membrane. This is significant because MMPs can increase with hypoxia (Rohrborn et al 2014) and with hyperglycemia (Death et al 2003;Chang and Vivian Yang 2013) and exercise (Schild et al 2016), and may decline as women age (Nascimento Dda et al 2016).…”