Variation in time and magnitude of immune response and viremia in experimental challenges with Porcine circovirus 2b

Engle, Taylor; Jobman, Erin E; Moural, T. W.; McKnite, Autumn; Bundy, Justin W; Barnes, Sarah Y.; Davis, Emily H.; Galeota, J. A.; Burkey, Thomas E.; Plastow, Graham; Kachman, Stephen D.; Ciobanu, Daniel C.

doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0286-4

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, in some cases, the animals continue to grow as fast as uninfected controls. Similar results have been obtained with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) at the University of Nebraska (Engle et al, 2014). Heritability estimates across the PRRSV challenge experiments were 0.44 for viral load and 0.29 for weight gain .…”

Section: Variation In Susceptibilitysupporting

confidence: 68%

Genomics to benefit livestock production: improving animal health

Plastow

2016

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-The primary principle underlying the application of genomics is that it has the most value for difficult and expensive to measure traits. These traits will differ between species and probably also between markets. Maintenance of health will be one of the biggest challenges for efficient livestock production in the next few decades. This challenge will only increase in the face of demand for animal protein, resistance to existing drugs, and the pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics in agriculture. There is probably genetic variation in susceptibility for all diseases but little has been done to make use of this variation to date. In part this is because it is very difficult as well as expensive to measure this variation. This suggests that genomics should provide one of the ways of tackling the challenge of improving animal health. This paper will discuss the concepts of resistance, variation in susceptibility, and resilience; provide examples and present some recent results in cattle and pigs; and briefly discuss the application of gene editing in relation to disease resistance.

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Section: Variation In Susceptibilitysupporting

confidence: 68%

Genomics to benefit livestock production: improving animal health

Plastow

2016

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Sow fertility, innate and adaptive immunity are critical factors that could significantly impact productivity of swine operations, especially following exposure to environmental stressors (Serenius and Stalder, 2006;Rowland et al, 2012;Engle et al, 2014). Sow reproductive traits are generally lowly heritable (Trenhaile et al, 2016) and expressed late in life making early selection for these traits difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using multiple approaches including transcriptomic and genomic sequencing and genome-wide association study (GWAS), we have identified potential genetic variants influencing fertility (Tart et al, 2013;Nonneman et al, 2016b;Trenhaile et al, 2016;Wijesena et al, 2017), immune response (Engle et al, 2014;Kreikemeier et al, 2015;Walker et al, 2018), and SNP with predicted loss of function (Keel et al, 2017). These variants were integrated into "SowPro90," a custom Affymetrix Axiom myDesign SNP array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of genotype quality parameters for SowPro90, a new genotyping array for swine1

Wijesena

Rohrer

Nonneman

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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Understanding early predictors of sow fertility has the potential to improve genomic predictions. A custom SNP array (SowPro90 produced by Affymetrix) was developed to include genetic variants overlapping quantitative trait loci for age at puberty, one of the earliest indicators of sow fertility, as well as variants related to innate and adaptive immunity. The polymorphisms included in the custom genotyping array were identified using multiple genomic approaches including deep genomic and transcriptomic sequencing and genome-wide associations. Animals from research and commercial populations (n = 2,586) were genotyped for 103,476 SNPs included in SowPro90. To assess the quality of data generated, genotype concordance was evaluated between the SowPro90 and Porcine SNP60 BeadArray using a subset of common SNP (n = 44,708) and animals (n = 277). The mean genotype concordance rate per SNP was 98.4%. Differences in distribution of data quality were observed between the platforms indicating the need for platform specific thresholds for quality parameters. The optimal thresholds for SowPro90 (≥97% SNP and ≥93% sample call rate) were obtained by analyzing the data quality distribution and genotype concordance per SNP across platforms. At ≥97% SNP call rate, there were 42,151 SNPs (94.3%) retained with a mean genotype concordance of 98.6% across platforms. Similarly, ≥94% SNPs and ≥85% sample call rates were established as thresholds for Porcine SNP60 BeadArray. At ≥94% SNPs call rate, there were 41,043 SNPs (91.8%) retained with a mean genotype concordance of 98.6% across platforms. Final evaluation of SowPro90 array content (n = 103,476) at ≥97% SNPs and ≥93% sample call rates allowed retention of 89,040 SNPs (86%) for downstream analysis. The findings and strategy for quality control could be helpful in identifying consistent, high-quality genotypes for genomic evaluations, especially when integrating genotype data from different platforms.

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“…Among them PCV2a and PCV2b are the most prevalent genotypes in the pig raising farms worldwide [8,9]. In the past less than one decade, more genetic variations and recombination associated with PCV2 have been reported worldwide [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. It is important that a 1766 nt PCV2 strain (YJ) with ORF2 of 708 nt has been first isolated from the clinically infected pig with PCVAD in china.…”

Section: Q2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A commercial PCV2a-based vaccine is effective in protection from experimental challenge of PCV2 mutant with two amino acids elongation in capsid protein

Guo

Huang

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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Current commercial PCV2 vaccines are almost based on PCV2a and have been shown to be effective in reducing PCV2a and PCV2b viremia and PCV2-associated lesions and diseases. The recent emergence of novel mutant PCV2 (mPCV2) strains and linkage of mPCV2 with cases of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in pig herds have raised concerns over emergence of vaccine-escape mutants and reduced efficacy of PCV2a-based vaccines. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a commercial PCV2a-based vaccine developed by our laboratory to protect conventional pigs against experimental challenge with mPCV2 at 9 weeks of age. Twenty 4-week-old pigs free of PCV2 infection were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 5 pigs each. Two groups were unvaccinated as positive and negative controls. Another two groups were vaccinated with the commercial PCV2a-based vaccine (PCV2-LG strain, China) at 4 weeks of age and identical booster immunization was conducted 3 weeks post primary immunization. At 9 weeks of age, all pigs except the negative control were challenged with a mutant PCV2b/YJ (mPCV2b/YJ) with two amino acids elongation in capsid protein. The experiment was terminated 28 days after challenge. Under the conditions of this study, vaccinated pigs were protected against PCV2 viremia and lesions whereas unvaccinated pigs were not. Moreover, mPCV2b/YJ infection was demonstrated in positive control and almost all had macroscopic or microscopic lesions consistent with PCVAD while negative control did not develop PCVAD. This study indicates that mPCV2b/YJ infection alone can trigger PCVAD development and that the commercial vaccine (PCV2-LG) is still effective in protecting conventional pigs against the emerging mPCV2b/YJ strain in China.

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Variation in time and magnitude of immune response and viremia in experimental challenges with Porcine circovirus 2b

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Genomics to benefit livestock production: improving animal health

Genomics to benefit livestock production: improving animal health

Evaluation of genotype quality parameters for SowPro90, a new genotyping array for swine1

A commercial PCV2a-based vaccine is effective in protection from experimental challenge of PCV2 mutant with two amino acids elongation in capsid protein

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