Reduced content of chloroatranol and atranol in oak moss absolute significantly reduces the elicitation potential of this fragrance material

Andersen, F. Alan; Andersen, Kjeld; Bernois, Armand; Brault, Christophe; Bruze, Magnus; Eudes, H.; Gadras, Catherine; A, Signoret; Mose, Kristian Fredløv; Müller, Boris; Toulemonde, Bernard; Andersen, Klaus Ejner

doi:10.1111/cod.12312

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…). This kind of relationship has been demonstrated for other fragrance sensitizers including isoeugenol, hydroxyisohexyl‐3‐cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde and oak moss …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…When various usage tests including ROATs have been performed with fragrance sensitizers, positive reactions have been obtained in 0–100% of participants . Major reasons for the great variation are the concentration, the actual dose per cm 2 of the applied usage or ROAT preparation, and the length of the application period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When various usage tests including ROATs have been performed with fragrance sensitizers, positive reactions have been obtained in 0-100% of participants. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Major reasons for the great variation are the concentration, the actual dose per cm 2 of the applied usage or ROAT preparation, and the length of the application period. In the present study, positive ROAT reactions were obtained in 59% of those hypersensitive to FM I and in 3% of those without contact allergy to FM I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of relationship has been demonstrated for other fragrance sensitizers including isoeugenol, 11,13 hydroxyisohexyl-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde 16,18 and oak moss. 23,24 There was an indication that it was the subgroup of volunteers hypersensitive to both FM I and FM II who developed a positive ROAT. One explanation could be a higher degree of reactivity to FM I at the initial patch testing in the subgroup with contact allergy to both FMs, but this was not supported statistically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a questionnaire algorithm based on repeated open application testing with the constituents of fragrance mix I

et al. 2019

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Summary Background In a European study on contact allergy in the general population, it was hypothesized that the combination of contact allergy to a fragrance together with a history indicating dermatitis at exposure, and thereafter subsequent avoidance of scented products, implied a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Objectives The primary aim of this study was to validate this hypothesis and algorithm. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there was any association between the outcome of the repeated open application test (ROAT) and the patch test reactivity. Methods In total, 109 patients with and without contact allergy to fragrance mix (FM) I were recruited. Volunteers from six European dermatology clinics participated in the study including a patch test and a ROAT. Results Positive ROAT reactions were noted in 26 of the 44 volunteers with contact allergy to FM I. None of the volunteers reacted to the vehicle (P < 0·001). More individuals with a positive algorithm had positive ROATs than those with a negative algorithm. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The lower the patch test concentration eliciting a positive test reaction, the more likely a positive ROAT and the more likely that the positive ROAT appeared early during the investigative period. Conclusions The algorithm used in this study was not substantiated in this ROAT set‐up. The stronger the patch test reactivity the more likely was a positive ROAT and the more likely it was that the positive ROAT appeared early during the application period. What's already known about this topic? To the best of our knowledge, a scientifically designed and conducted repeated open application test (ROAT) has never been performed before to validate a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis partly based on a questionnaire. What does this study add? This is the largest controlled, randomized and blinded ROAT performed to date. Higher patch test reactivity to fragrance mix I indicated a greater likelihood of a positive ROAT. What are the clinical implications of this work? Further refinement of the questions is required in order to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis from fragrances based on a questionnaire.

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“…). This kind of relationship has been demonstrated for other fragrance sensitizers including isoeugenol, hydroxyisohexyl‐3‐cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde and oak moss …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of a questionnaire algorithm based on repeated open application testing with the constituents of fragrance mix I

et al. 2019

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“…Substantially more contact allergy is detected with oak moss with a high content of chloratranol/atranol. 12,[18][19][20] In this multicentre patch test study, there was a high level of standardization of the patch test methodology. An expert in the technique of patch testing visited each of the six sites to monitor the patch testing and to ensure that it was conducted in a uniform manner and according to the protocol used, based on consideration of 16 factors of possible significance for the patch test result in multicentre patch test studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of batch and patch test method in establishing contact allergy to fragrance mix I—EDEN Fragrance Study Group

et al. 2019

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Background: A fragrance mix consisting of eight separate fragrance ingredients (fragrance mix I [FM I]) is present in most baseline patch test series. Patch testing with the TRUE Test technique is considered to detect less contact allergy to FM I than testing with the Finn Chamber technique. Objective: To investigate the possible significance of batch and patch test method in establishing contact allergy to FM I. Methods: Three thousand one hundred and nineteen individuals representing a sample of the general population were patch tested with two batches of FM I with two patch test techniques at six dermatology clinics in five European countries. The TRUE Test technique and the Finn Chamber technique with pet. preparations were used. McNemar's test was used for statistical calculations.Results: The contact allergy prevalences varied between 0.7% and 2.6%. The patch tests with the mixes containing Evernia prunastri (oak moss) with a high content of chloratranol/atranol resulted in substantially more positive reactions than the corresponding tests with the mixes containing oak moss with a low content of chloratranol/atranol. The Finn Chamber technique detected significantly more contact allergic reactions than the TRUE Test technique (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The Finn Chamber technique detects more contact allergy to FM I than the TRUE Test technique. K E Y W O R D S allergic contact dermatitis, chloratranol/atranol, delayed hypersensitivity, Evernia prunastri, general population, oak moss

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Chromatographic analyses and unambiguous identification of atranol‐like secondary metabolites in oakmoss absolute

Chittiboyina

Wang

Avonto

et al. 2020

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Oakmoss is a commercially significant natural extract used in exotic perfumes, cosmetics, and other personal care products. Unfortunately, oakmoss absolutes and oils also contain atranol and chloroatranols, well‐known potent skin sensitizers, and hence, their levels in personal care products are regulated. To address the presence of these metabolites and unravel the similar metabolites in the oakmoss absolute, two independent analytical methods were developed. As a proof of concept, one commercial absolute oakmoss was analyzed with complementary, orthogonal LC/MS, GC/MS methods and further confirmed with MS2 experiments. Sixteen secondary metabolites, including atranols, were identified by both GC and LC analyses. Many of the identified components appear to be the precursors of the atranols or process artifacts. One atranol analog, in particular, isopropyl haematommate, was investigated extensively with electron ionization mass spectrometry to show that fragmentation spectra can be applied for the unambiguous identification of related compounds. An intriguing fragmentation pattern was observed for a typical α‐hydroxybenzoate, involving sequential loss of alkene, alkanol, water, or carbon monoxide. A similar fragmentation pattern has been observed with ESI; however, the loss of CO2 was dominant, while the loss of CO was most commonly observed with the EI system independent of substituents on the aromatic ring. The identification of these metabolites was further confirmed with pure standards. Even though many of these unique secondary metabolites are structurally similar to atranols, their skin sensitization potential is unknown; hence, the developed methods can serve as an effective tool to assess the overall quality of various oakmoss‐based products.

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Reduced content of chloroatranol and atranol in oak moss absolute significantly reduces the elicitation potential of this fragrance material

Abstract: New oak moss is still a fragrance allergen, but elicits less allergic contact dermatitis in previously oak moss-sensitized individuals, suggesting that new oak moss is less allergenic to non-sensitized individuals.

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Validation of a questionnaire algorithm based on repeated open application testing with the constituents of fragrance mix I

Validation of a questionnaire algorithm based on repeated open application testing with the constituents of fragrance mix I

The significance of batch and patch test method in establishing contact allergy to fragrance mix I—EDEN Fragrance Study Group

Chromatographic analyses and unambiguous identification of atranol‐like secondary metabolites in oakmoss absolute

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