Managing the Health Impacts of Drought in Brazil

Sena, Aderita; Barcellos, Christovam; Freitas, Carlos Machado de; Corvalán, Carlos

doi:10.3390/ijerph111010737

Cited by 65 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Drought can be a hidden risk with the potential to cause a public health disaster [87]. A SR of the health effects of drought found the main categories included: Nutrition-related effects; water-related disease (including Escherichia coli, cholera and algal bloom); airborne and dust-related disease (including coccidioidomycosis); vector borne disease (including malaria, dengue and West Nile Virus); mental health effects; and other health effects [88].…”

Section: Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Nichols

Lake²,

Heaviside

2018

Atmosphere

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Background: Water-related, including waterborne, diseases remain important sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The potential for changes in disease associated with predicted anthropogenic climate changes make water-related diseases a target for prevention. Methods: We provide an overview of evidence on potential future changes in water-related disease associated with climate change. Results: A number of pathogens are likely to present risks to public health, including cholera, typhoid, dysentery, leptospirosis, diarrhoeal diseases and harmful algal blooms (HABS). The risks are greatest where the climate effects drive population movements, conflict and disruption, and where drinking water supply infrastructure is poor. The quality of evidence for water-related disease has been documented. Conclusions: We highlight the need to maintain and develop timely surveillance and rapid epidemiological responses to outbreaks and emergence of new waterborne pathogens in all countries. While the main burden of waterborne diseases is in developing countries, there needs to be both technical and financial mechanisms to ensure adequate quantities of good quality water, sewage disposal and hygiene for all. This will be essential in preventing excess morbidity and mortality in areas that will suffer from substantial changes in climate in the future.Atmosphere 2018, 9, 385 2 of 60 which do not suffer the consequences of extreme events to the same extent [4]. Due to the lifetime of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the timescales associated with ocean warming, even if global CO 2 emissions were curtailed immediately, the effects on the earth's climate, including increasing temperatures and sea level rise would continue for a number of decades before starting to plateau [2]. However, this should be seen as a general call to action to reduce emissions as soon as possible, given that the impacts are likely to extend beyond current conditions and there are indications that economic investment now will be likely to reduce costs later [5]. There is also a need to develop adaptations to cope with changes in climate. Recent research highlighting the health benefits of limiting future temperature rises to the more ambitious target of 1.5 • C rather than 2 • C, in line with the Paris agreement of 2016, further emphasises the need to limit emissions [6].Climate change affects health in a number of ways, and the impacts vary both geographically and between different populations. A growing and ageing population in much of the world means that the proportion of the population who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change will increase in the future [7]. The most direct impacts from climate change are from the effects of high temperatures, and from acute impacts relating to extreme events such as storms, floods and heatwaves. These physical or meteorological stressors can produce direct health effects, such as physical injury, illness, or mental health impacts du...

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Section: Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Nichols

Lake²,

Heaviside

2018

Atmosphere

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“…37 One study from Brazil found that semi-arid regions across 20 years made slower gains in population health when compared to the other regions of the country; namely, infant mortality rate, poverty, illiteracy and life expectancy regularly remained worse off. 38 Another crucial consideration for the Eastern Mediterranean Region is the interaction between food security and climate events in natural and human-induced disasters or political instability. 39 Protracted crises are the new norm, especially in EMR, with signi cant implications for vulnerability to extreme weather and climate events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Consequences of Drought in The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Hotspot Areas and Needed Actions.

Bellizzi¹,

Lane²,

Elhakim³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Over the past four decades, drought episodes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of the of the World Health Organization (WHO) have gradually become more widespread, prolonged and frequent. We aimed to map hotspot countries and identified key strategic actions for health consequences.Methods: We reviewed scientific literature and WHO EMR documentation on trends and patterns of the drought health consequences from 1990 through 2019. Extensive communication was also carried out with EMR WHO country offices to retrieve information on ongoing initiatives to face health consequences due to drought. An index score was developed to categorize countries according vulnerability factors towards drought. Results: A series of complex health consequences are due to drought in EMR, including malnutrition, vector-borne diseases, and water-borne diseases. The index score indicated how Afghanistan, Yemen and Somalia are “hotspots” due to poor population health status and access to basic sanitation as well as other elements such as food insecurity, displacement and conflicts/political instability. WHO country offices effort is towards enhancing access to water and sanitation and essential healthcare services including immunization and psychological support, strengthening disease surveillance and response, and risk communication. Conclusions: Drought-related health effects in the WHO EMR represent a public health emergency. Strengthening mitigation activities and additional tailored efforts are urgently needed to overcome context-specific gaps and weaknesses, with specific focus on financing, accountability and enhanced data availability.

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“…NTT has experienced annual severe drought within last ten years. Many efforts have been conducted to minimize the negative impacts of the drought such as in Sena et al (2014), WMO & GWP (2017) among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Usage of Seasonal Forecast in Drought Prone Area

Kuswanto

2019

IJRBS

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This research aims to investigate factors influencing the households in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Indonesia to use seasonal forecast issued by the Meteorological Office (BMKG) Indonesia. NTT is a highly vulnerable region to drought, and hence, understanding the future weather and climate condition is a crucial issue. Household survey was conducted to interview 300 households in NTT asking about their intention to utilize the forecast information in supporting their livelihood. Furthermore, this research investigates whether the households characteristics influencing the intention. Using the Classification and Regression Tree (CART), this research found that the intention to use forecast is dominantly influenced by age of the household head, ownership of household assets, main source of income, crop and livestock activities and water source for livestock.

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Managing the Health Impacts of Drought in Brazil

Cited by 65 publications

References 18 publications

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Health Consequences of Drought in The WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Hotspot Areas and Needed Actions.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Usage of Seasonal Forecast in Drought Prone Area

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