Single-proton spin detection by diamond magnetometry

Loretz, M.; Rosskopf, T.; Boss, J. M.; Pezzagna, Sébastien; Meijer, Jan; Degen, Christian L.

doi:10.1126/science.1259464

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Such deviations inevitably arise in reality, due to the necessarily finite duration of the control pulses and/or finite evolution time. On a more fundamental level, a key issue is that the band-pass filters generated by DD do not guarantee optimal noise blocking at frequencies outside the intended passband: the presence of FF harmonics in the Fourier domain outside the passband can lead to spurious contributions and bias -so-called spectral leakage -an issue that has already manifested in experimental settings of interest [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimally band-limited spectroscopy of control noise using a qubit sensor

et al. 2018

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Classical control noise is ubiquitous in qubit devices, making its accurate spectral characterization essential for designing optimized error suppression strategies at the physical level. Here, we focus on multiplicative Gaussian amplitude control noise on a driven qubit sensor and show that sensing protocols using optimally band-limited Slepian modulation offer substantial benefit in realistic scenarios. Special emphasis is given to laying out the theoretical framework necessary for extending non-parametric multitaper spectral estimation to the quantum setting by highlighting key points of contact and differences with respect to the classical formulation. In particular, we introduce and analyze two approaches (adaptive vs. single-setting) to quantum multitaper estimation, and show how they provide a practical means to both identify fine spectral features not otherwise detectable by existing protocols and to obtain reliable prior estimates for use in subsequent parametric estimation, including high-resolution Bayesian techniques. We quantitatively characterize the performance of both singleand multitaper Slepian estimation protocols by numerically reconstructing representative spectral densities, and demonstrate their advantage over dynamical-decoupling noise spectroscopy approaches in reducing bias from spectral leakage as well as in compensating for aliasing effects while maintaining a desired sampling resolution. arXiv:1803.05538v2 [quant-ph]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimally band-limited spectroscopy of control noise using a qubit sensor

et al. 2018

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“…and 31 P, with more recent studies reporting the observation of individual 1 H and 29 Si spins 14,15 . In this light, schemes designed to determine the spatial location of individual nuclear (or electronic) spins with atomic resolution gain particular interest as they are likely to become a key ingredient in, e.g., the characterization of the structure and dynamics of individual molecules adsorbed onto the center's solid-state host.…”

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confidence: 95%

Imaging nuclear spins weakly coupled to a probe paramagnetic center

2015

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Optically-detected paramagnetic centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors are emerging as a promising platform for nanoscale metrology at room temperature. Of particular interest are applications where the center is used as a probe to interrogate other spins that cannot be observed directly. Using the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond as a model system, we propose a new strategy to determining the spatial coordinates of weakly coupled nuclear spins. The central idea is to label the target nucleus with a spin polarization that depends on its spatial location, which is subsequently revealed by making this polarization flow back to the NV for readout. Using extensive analytical and numerical modeling, we show that the technique can attain high spatial resolution depending on the NV lifetime and target spin location. No external magnetic field gradient is required, which circumvents complications resulting from changes in the direction of the applied magnetic field, and considerably simplifies the required instrumentation. Extensions of the present technique may be adapted to pinpoint the locations of other paramagnetic centers in the NV vicinity or to yield information on dynamical processes in molecules on the diamond surface.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) excels in its ability to probe non-destructively the structure and dynamics of molecular moieties without the need for long-range order, but the low detection sensitivity inherent to inductive detection limits this technique to ensemble measurements. Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) was introduced two decades ago precisely to circumvent this problem 1 . The idea was to leverage on the extreme sensitivity and magnetic field gradients of MRFM probes to discriminate between signals from individual nuclear sites in a molecule so as to image its structure with atomic resolution. Despite enormous progress 2 , however, this latter goal has proven exceedingly difficult, mainly due to the minute ratio between the spin and thermal energies, even at the lowest temperatures possible today.A more recent route to nanoscale magnetic resonance builds on the properties of select paramagnetic centers in solid-state matrices. At the core of this form of sensing is a singular combination of transition rules and decay rates between electronic states, responsible for the upconversion of spin-flip-induced energy differences into, e.g., changes in the center's fluorescence. Case systems presently under intense study are the di-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers in SiC 3-5 , rare-earth ions in garnets 6,7 , substitutional phosphorous 8 and bismuth 9 in silicon, and the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond 10 . Common to these systems is the ability to individually initialize, manipulate, and readout the paramagnetic center spin via a combination of microwave (mw) and optical (or electrical) pulses, often under ambient conditions. These unique features are being presently exploited to probe other spins in the paramagnetic center vicinity that cannot be directly initialized o...

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“…A precise measurement of ω 0,n is important to assign the nuclear species and to resolve weak additional effects, such as chemical shifts or nuclear dipole couplings. Accurate knowledge of a || and a ⊥ is critical for determining the relative locations of nuclei in a molecule [22]. To measure ω 0,n and a || , we perform a free precession experiment without the central π pulse (Hamiltonian H (2) free in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

One- and Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with a Diamond Quantum Sensor

Boss¹,

Chang²,

Armijo³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We report on Fourier spectroscopy experiments performed with near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centers in a diamond chip. By detecting the free precession of nuclear spins rather than applying a multipulse quantum sensing protocol, we are able to unambiguously identify the NMR species devoid of harmonics. We further show that by engineering different Hamiltonians during free precession, the hyperfine coupling parameters as well as the nuclear Larmor frequency can be selectively measured with high precision (here 5 digits). The protocols can be combined to demonstrate two-dimensional Fourier spectroscopy. The technique will be useful for mapping nuclear coordinates in molecules en route to imaging their atomic structure.Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have opened exciting perspectives for the ultrasensitive detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with possible applications to molecular structure imaging and chemical nanoanalytics [1][2][3]. NMR signals are detected by placing an analyte on a diamond chip engineered with a surface layer of NV centers, and measuring the weak magnetic dipole fields of nuclei via optically detected magnetic resonance [4,5]. Examples of the rapid recent progress in NV-NMR include the detection of small numbers of nuclei within voxels of a few (nm) 3 [6,7], the detection of multiple nuclear isotopes [8,9] and naturally occurring adsorption layers [6], the observation of surface diffusion and molecular motion [10,11], scanning imaging with < 20 nm spatial resolution [9,12], and the spatial mapping of up to 8 internal 13 C nuclei [13]. One of the far goals of NV-NMR is the detection and three-dimensional localization of individual nuclei in single molecules deterministically placed on the diamond chip [1,13,14].Sensitive detection of nuclear magnetic signals is possible with multipulse sequences that consist of a series of π pulses (see Fig. 1a). These sequences act like a narrow-band lock-in amplifier [15] whose demodulation frequency f = 1/(2τ ) is set by the delay time τ between the pulses [14,16,17]. By varying τ a frequency spectrum of the magnetic field can be recorded. Multipulse spectroscopy of NMR signals has been reported for many nuclear isotopes, including 1 H, 13 C, 14 N, 15 N, 19 F, and possibly 29 Si and 31 P [3, 6-9, 12, 18]. These experiments have, however, also revealed some important shortcomings of the method, including a modest spectral resolution [2,19] and ambiguities in peak assignments due to signal harmonics [18]. The fundamental reason for both effects is the indirect way nuclear spin signals are detected via their influence on the electronic spin.A more natural way for measuring NMR signals is to observe the free nuclear precession in the absence of microwave or radio-frequency pulses, reminiscent of the "free induction decay" in conventional NMR Fourier spectroscopy. The free nuclear precession can be detected by performing two consecutive nuclear spin measurements and incrementing the duration t 1 between the measurements. Mamin et al. [2] have ...

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Single-proton spin detection by diamond magnetometry

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Optimally band-limited spectroscopy of control noise using a qubit sensor

Optimally band-limited spectroscopy of control noise using a qubit sensor

Imaging nuclear spins weakly coupled to a probe paramagnetic center

One- and Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with a Diamond Quantum Sensor

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