Aflatoxin exposure during the first 1000 days of life in rural South Asia assessed by aflatoxin B1-lysine albumin biomarkers

Groopman, John D.; Egner, Patricia A.; Schulze, Kerry; Wu, Lee; Merrill, Rebecca D.; Mehra, Sucheta; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Ali, Hasmot; Shaikh, Saijuddin; Gernand, Alison D.; Khatry, Subarna K.; LeClerq, Steven C.; West, Keith P.; Christian, Parul

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.09.016

Cited by 109 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We found that AF exposure was nearly ubiquitous among a group of young children of around 12 months of age in southern Mexico, but serum AFB 1 ‐lysine adduct levels were considerably lower than those documented in young children in other regions. In Benin, mean exposure in children 16‐ to 37‐month old ranged from 2.48 to 25.06 pg AFB 1 ‐lysine/mg albumin (ELISA‐obtained levels in the Benin study were rescaled using a factor of 4.76 to make them comparable with the results in our study; Y. Gong et al, ; McCoy et al, ); in Bangladesh, the median was 13.79 pg AF B1‐lysine/mg albumin in 2‐year‐old children (Groopman et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Low level aflatoxin exposure associated with greater linear growth in southern Mexico: A longitudinal study

Leroy

Sununtnasuk

García‐Guerra

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aflatoxins are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxins, which can lead to death and are a known cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. AF exposure has been hypothesised to lead to stunted growth in children, but separating the AF effect from other determinants of linear growth retardation is difficult. The study used secondary data from an efficacy trial conducted in young children in southern Mexico to test the comparative efficacy of a milk-based multiple micronutrient-fortified food, a multiple micronutrient syrup, or a multiple micronutrient powder. The effect of serum AFB -lysine adduct level on incremental growth was tested using a longitudinal mixed model, controlling for key individual, maternal, and household-level covariates. AFB -lysine adduct was detectable in all but 2 of the 347 children in the study (median exposure: 0.82 pg/mg albumin). AF exposure was associated (p < .05) with greater linear growth: an increase equivalent to the sample interquartile range (~0.5 pg AFB -lysine/mg albumin) was associated (p < .05) with an increase in the child's height-for-age deficit of 1.5 to 2.0 mm in the 4 months from baseline (average age 8 months) to follow-up (average age 12 months); the magnitude of the difference in the 10-month follow-up was smaller and not statistically significant. This study documents that low-dose AF exposure was associated with greater child linear growth. Given its toxicity and carcinogenicity, our results do not change the urgent need to drastically reduce human AF exposure. Our findings show that the association between AF exposure and linear growth is more complex than previously thought.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Low level aflatoxin exposure associated with greater linear growth in southern Mexico: A longitudinal study

Leroy

Sununtnasuk

García‐Guerra

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additional factors related to stunting to investigate should include environmental enteric dysfunction (Campbell, Schulze, et al, ), potential roles of micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., zinc) and other possible exposures such as aflatoxin, as recently reported to be endemic in neighbouring countries of Nepal and Bangladesh (Groopman et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status and risk factors for stunting in preschool children in Bhutan

Kang

Aguayo

Campbell

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Childhood malnutrition remains endemic in South Asia, although the burden varies by country. We examined the anthropometric status and risk factors for malnutrition among children aged 0–59 months through the 2015 National Nutrition Survey in Bhutan. We assessed in 1,506 children nutritional status (by z ‐scores of height‐for‐age [HAZ], weight‐for‐height [WHZ], and weight‐for‐age [WAZ]), estimating prevalence, adjusted for survey design, of stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight (<−2 for HAZ, WHZ, and WAZ and >2 for WHZ). Children were also assessed for pedal oedema. We conducted multivariable linear/logistic regression analysis to identify child, maternal, and household risk factors for childhood undernutrition and overweight, excluding children with oedema (1.7%). Mean (SE) HAZ, WHZ, and WAZ were −0.82 (0.13), 0.10 (0.04), and −0.42 (0.05), respectively. Prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight were 21.2%, 2.6%, 7.4%, and 2.6%, respectively. In multivariable regressions, risk of stunting significantly increased by age: 5.3% at <6 months (reference), 16.8% at 6–23 months (OR = 3.06, 95% CI [0.63, 14.8]), and 25.0% at 24–59 months (OR = 5.07, [1.16, 22.2]). Risk of stunting also decreased in a dose–response manner with improved maternal education. None of the examined variables were significantly associated with wasting or overweight. Despite a WHZ distribution comparable with the World Health Organization reference (with ~2.6% vs. an expected 2.5% of children beyond 2 z in each tail), stunting persists in one fifth of preschool Bhutanese children, suggesting that other nutrient deficits or nonnutritional factors may be constraining linear growth for a substantial proportion of children.

show abstract

“…Aflatoxin contamination can occur during pre-harvest or post-harvest. Due to poor storage conditions, post-harvest contamination has contributed to outbreaks that have killed hundreds and affected thousands in developing countries [2,3,4]. Chronic exposure to low levels of aflatoxin has been linked to child stunting and hepatosplenomegaly, and enlargement of the liver and spleen [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Sequencing of Contaminated Seeds Reveals the State of the Seed Permissive for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination and Points to a Potential Susceptibility Factor

Clevenger

Marasigan

Liakos

et al. 2016

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) is a major problem facing peanut production worldwide. Produced by the ubiquitous soil fungus, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin is the most naturally occurring known carcinogen. The interaction between fungus and host resulting in PAC is complex, and breeding for PAC resistance has been slow. It has been shown that aflatoxin production can be induced by applying drought stress as peanut seeds mature. We have implemented an automated rainout shelter that controls temperature and moisture in the root and peg zone to induce aflatoxin production. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), seeds meeting the following conditions were selected: infected with Aspergillus flavus and contaminated with aflatoxin; and not contaminated with aflatoxin. RNA sequencing analysis revealed groups of genes that describe the transcriptional state of contaminated vs. uncontaminated seed. These data suggest that fatty acid biosynthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling are altered in contaminated seeds and point to a potential susceptibility factor, ABR1, as a repressor of ABA signaling that may play a role in permitting PAC.

show abstract

Aflatoxin exposure during the first 1000 days of life in rural South Asia assessed by aflatoxin B1-lysine albumin biomarkers

Cited by 109 publications

References 34 publications

Low level aflatoxin exposure associated with greater linear growth in southern Mexico: A longitudinal study

Low level aflatoxin exposure associated with greater linear growth in southern Mexico: A longitudinal study

Nutritional status and risk factors for stunting in preschool children in Bhutan

RNA Sequencing of Contaminated Seeds Reveals the State of the Seed Permissive for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination and Points to a Potential Susceptibility Factor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About