Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

Shah, Rupen; Rosso, Kelly; Nathanson, S. David

doi:10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283

Cited by 238 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…( [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Strategies to control the disease in Brazil have been implemented since the latter part of the last century, and they are characterized by isolated actions. In 2004, these actions become systematized in programs whose goal is to reduce breast cancer mortality and morbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atuação do enfermeiro da Atenção Primária no controle do câncer de mama

et al. 2017

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Objective: To analyze actions performed by primary care nurses for opportunistic breast cancer screening based on the parameter proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 70 nurses. We used a validated questionnaire elaborated according to actions determined by the Brazilian program for control of breast cancer. Results: 97.1% of nurses referred patients for clinical breast exam, 88.6% indicated mammography annually and 75.7% guided patients to perform the first mammography exam starting at age 40 years, and 52.9% promoted educational meetings. However, guidance on age range and time interval for mammography and clinical breast exam, as well as an active search for women who did not show up, was not in agreement with parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Conclusion: Nurses have conducted actions for the control of breast cancer, but some nonconformities exist between executed actions and actions proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for cancer screening. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar as ações realizadas por enfermeiros da Atenção Primária em Saúde para rastreamento oportunístico do câncer de mama, tendo como parâmetro a proposta do Ministério da Saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado com 70 enfermeiros, com auxílio de questionário validado, elaborado segundo as ações determinadas pelo programa de controle de câncer de mama do Brasil. Resultados: 97,1% dos enfermeiros realizavam exame clínico das mamas, 88,6% indicaram a mamografia anualmente e 75,7% orientaram o primeiro exame a partir dos 40 anos e 52,9% promoviam reuniões educativas. Entretanto, a orientação sobre faixa etária e intervalo de tempo para mamografia e exame clínico das mamas, bem como busca ativa de mulheres faltosas não apresentavam conformidade com o preconizado. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros têm realizado ações para o controle do câncer de mama, mas existem algumas não conformidades entre as ações executadas e as propostas do Ministério da Saúde para o rastreamento desta neoplasia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atuação do enfermeiro da Atenção Primária no controle do câncer de mama

et al. 2017

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“…Breast cancer is the most common malignancy occurring in females from Western countries (1). In Brazil, it has been estimated that 57,960 new cases and 14,207 deaths due to the disease will occur in 2016 (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study between ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of axillary lymph nodes and sentinel lymph node histopathology in early-stage breast cancer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The replacement of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-guided FNA) cytology of axillary lymph nodes is controversial, despite the simplicity and reduced cost of the latter. In the present study, US-guided FNA was performed in 27 patients with early-stage breast cancer for comparison with SNB. Data were analyzed by calculation of sample proportions. Tumor subtypes included invasive ductal carcinoma (85%), invasive lobular carcinoma (7%), and tubular and metaplastic carcinoma (4%). FNA had a sensitivity of 45%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 73%. Axillary lymph node cytology obtained by US guided-FNA in patients with breast cancer had a specificity similar to that of sentinel lymph node histopathology in the presence of axillary node metastases. However, when lymph node cytology is negative, it does not exclude the existence of metastatic implants, due to its low sensitivity in comparison to sentinel lymph node histopathology.

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“…1 Although the majority of patients are offered breast conservation therapy, audit data from the Royal College of Surgeons in the UK in 2009 showed that around 40% of patients still undergo mastectomy. 2 More recently, analysis of trends in Europe shows a decline in mastectomy rates from the period 2005-2010 by 4% a year, to the current rate of ,20% a year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technique and outcome of post-mastectomy adjuvant chest wall radiotherapy—the role of tissue-equivalent bolus in reducing risk of local recurrence

Turner¹,

Zeniou²,

Williams³

et al. 2016

The British Journal of Radiology

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Objective: Adjuvant chest wall radiotherapy is used in patients with high-risk histological features post-mastectomy to reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence. Treatment can be given with or without a tissue-equivalent bolus to increase skin surface dose. The additional benefit of using a bolus remains unclear; however, it is known to be associated with a higher incidence of skin toxicity. This study compared chest wall recurrence and skin toxicity in patients treated with and without a bolus. Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed 314 consecutive patients who received chest wall radiotherapy between 2005 and 2010. Data were collected on histological, demographic and treatment parameters and on the incidence and grade of acute skin reactions. Treatment outcomes analyzed included chest wall recurrence, disease-free survival and overall survival (OS). Results: 101 patients received treatment with a bolus; 213 patients received treatment without a bolus. A significantly higher incidence of acute skin toxicity was seen in the bolus treatment group (p = 0.002). One patient treated with a bolus developed chest wall recurrence compared with four patients treated without a bolus. No statistically significant difference could be shown between the two groups. 66 (21%) patients had metastatic relapse. Median time to relapse was 29.5 months and OS was 76% in both treatment groups. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference in chest wall recurrence can be demonstrated between patients treated with and without a bolus. Advances in knowledge: This study is consistent with limited previous literature and invites further evaluation of the role of a bolus in post-mastectomy chest wall radiotherapy, especially considering the increased toxicity that the use of a bolus generates.

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Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

Cited by 238 publications

References 113 publications

Atuação do enfermeiro da Atenção Primária no controle do câncer de mama

Atuação do enfermeiro da Atenção Primária no controle do câncer de mama

Comparative study between ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of axillary lymph nodes and sentinel lymph node histopathology in early-stage breast cancer

Technique and outcome of post-mastectomy adjuvant chest wall radiotherapy—the role of tissue-equivalent bolus in reducing risk of local recurrence

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