Effect of Carbohydrate Sources and Levels of Cotton Seed Meal in Concentrate on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Young Dairy Bulls

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of cottonseed meal with various carbohydrate sources in concentrate on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in dairy bulls. Four, 6 months old dairy bulls were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) and cassava chip+rice bran in the ratio of 3:1 (CR3:1), and factor B was cotton seed meal levels in the concentrate; 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) at similar overall CP levels (490 g CP/kg). Bulls received urea-lime treated rice straw ad libitum and were supplemented with 10 g of concentrate/kg BW. It was found that carbohydrate source and level of cotton seed meal did not have significant effects on ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial protein synthesis or feed intake. Animals which received CC showed significantly higher BUN concentration, ruminal propionic acid and butyric acid proportions, while dry matter, organic matter digestibility, populations of total viable bacteria and proteolytic bacteria were lower than those in the CR3:1 treatment. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids was higher in HCM than LCM treatments, while the concentration of butyric acid was higher in LCM than HCM treatments. The population of proteolytic bacteria with the LCM treatments was higher than the HCM treatments; however other bacteria groups were similar among the different levels of cotton seed meal. Bulls which received LCM had higher protein digestibility than those receiving HCM. Therefore, using high levels of cassava chip and cotton seed meal might positively impact on energy and nitrogen balance for the microbial population in the rumen of the young dairy bull.

Fermentation Characteristics and Nitrogen Retention of Madura Cattle Fed Complete Rations Containing Soybean Pod and By-Products

“…This result did not in line with the dry matter digestibility which increased with the use of complete rations containing soybean by-product and soybean pod or concentrate based ration. Previous study showed that there were positive correlations between dry matter intakes and digestibilities with total VFA concentrations (Wanapat et al, 2013). Molar concentrations of VFA such as acetate, propionate, valerate, ratio of acetate/propionate, and methane estimation were similar among treatments showing that the efficiency of nutrient convertion to VFA products was not changed.…”

Pilot-Scale Production of Washed Cottonseed Meal and Co-Products

“…However, in addition to fiber, cotton crop also produce a great amount of seed biomass (Bellaloui et al, 2015a;Pettigrew & Dowd, 2014). The residual fraction of cottonseed after oil crushing, called defatted cottonseed meal (CSM), is mainly used as soil amendment and animal feed (Broderick et al, 2013;Li et al, 2012;Wanapat et al, 2013). Thus, value added utilization of CSM products as industrial and biobased raw materials would increase the profitability of cotton growers and processors.…”

Parameters of Protein Metabolism in Goats Fed Diets With Different Portion of Sugarcane Bagasse

“…The increase of concentrate proportion in a forage based diet did not affect on CP apparent digestibility in goats (CantalapiedraHijar et al, 2009) and in dairy bulls (Wanapat et al, 2013). There is some controversy regarding to the CP digestiblity when portion of dietary forage is increased, which is likely due to the type of ingredients used in some experiments (Lu et al, 2005;Kiran and Mutsvangwa, 2007).…”

“…Intraruminally introduction of NDF gave the highest ammonia concentration compared to those of starch and corn dextrose in dairy cows (Hristov et al, 2005). Wanapat et al (2013) …”

“…Many studies emphasized to clarify that increasing amount of carbohydrates those fermented in the rumen would enhance conversion of ruminal ammonia to microbial protein, thereby supporting protein supply for animal production. Wanapat et al (2013) suggested that the use of carbohydrate and protein sources properly in a diet has positively impact for microbial synthesis in young dairy bull. Increasing concentrate proportion in grass hay based diet enhances urinary purine derivative significantly in goats (Cantalapiedra-Hijar et al, 2009).…”