Thoracic Diseases Associated with HIV Infection in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: Clinical and Imaging Findings

Chou, Shinn-Huey S.; Prabhu, Somnath J.; Crothers, Kristina; Stern, Eric J.; Godwin, J. David; Pipavath, Sudhakar

doi:10.1148/rg.344130115

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare B-cell lymphoma, accounting for 3% of AIDS-associated lymphomas and 0.5% of all lymphomas (40). It most commonly manifests as pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal effusions, without solid mass or lymphadenopathy (41). The patient's presenting symptoms are mainly secondary to effusions and include fever, dyspnea, ascites, and tamponade.…”

Section: Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Multicentricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis can be made by the results of a lymph node biopsy. Imaging findings in the acute phase may include interlobular septal thickening, peribronchovascular thickening, centrilobular nodules, and lymphadenopathy (41).…”

Section: Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Multicentricmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The younger age at presentation and the higher prevalence of pulmonary infection in HIVinfected patients usually delay the suspicion for cancer, resulting in the diagnosis of lung cancer at higher stages (56). Patients with prior tuberculosis or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia tend to have peripheral upper lobe lesions, whereas patients without prior lung infection tend to have central lesions (Fig 13) (41).…”

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-related Malignancies and Mimics: Imaging Findings and Management

Javadi¹,

Menias²,

Karbasian³

et al. 2018

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The risk of developing malignancy is higher in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than in non-HIV-infected patients. Several factors including immunosuppression, viral coinfection, and high-risk lifestyle choices lead to higher rates of cancer in the HIV-infected population. A subset of HIV-related malignancies are considered to be acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies, as their presence confirms the diagnosis of AIDS in an HIV-infected patient. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a significant drop in the rate of AIDS-defining malignancies, including Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and invasive cervical carcinoma. However, non-AIDS-defining malignancies (eg, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and head and neck cancers) now account for an increasing number of cancer cases diagnosed in HIV-infected patients. Although the number has decreased, AIDS-defining malignancies account for 15%-19% of all deaths in HIV-infected patients in the post-HAART era. Most HIVrelated malignancies in HIV-infected patients manifest at an earlier age with a more aggressive course than that of non-HIV-related malignancies. Understanding common HIV-related malignancies and their specific imaging features is crucial for making an accurate and early diagnosis, which impacts management. Owing to the weakened immune system of HIV-infected patients, other entities such as various infections, particularly opportunistic infections, are prevalent in these patients. These processes can have confounding clinical and imaging manifestations that mimic malignancy. This article reviews the most common AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining malignancies, the role of imaging in their diagnosis, and the imaging mimics of malignancies in HIV-infected patients. ©

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Section: Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Multicentricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Effusion Lymphoma and Multicentricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-related Malignancies and Mimics: Imaging Findings and Management

Javadi¹,

Menias²,

Karbasian³

et al. 2018

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“…22 It was found that pneumonia is the most common opportunistic pulmonary disease in immunocompromised patients and that the lack of knowledge about the disease by this high-risk group leads to late presentation to health services and consequently to more severe complications. [23][24] It is emphasized that leishmaniasis is another disease that deserves attention, especially in endemic areas, such as the Northeast, as it behaves as a relevant opportunistic pathology in infected patients. It is inferred that the internalization of HIV infection, concomitant with the process of urbanization of leishmaniasis, favors this coinfection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfil sociodemográfico e a evolução clínica dos pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência humana

Amorim

Abreu

Mendes

et al. 2019

Rev enferm UFPE on line.

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Objetivo: avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e a evolução clínica dos pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência humana. Método: trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva e descritiva realizada em um serviço de saúde especializado. Coletaram-se os dados no serviço de arquivamento médico e estatístico, em prontuários. Aplicou-se um formulário contendo variáveis de caracterização do perfil clínico e sociodemográfico dos pacientes. Utilizou-se amostra probabilística que totalizou 172 prontuários. Analisaram-se os dados pelo software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: verificou-se o predomínio de homens adultos, solteiros, na cor parda e com média de idade de 40 anos e baixo nível socioeconômico, com prevalência das coinfecções causadas por protozoários, seguidas pelas infecções bacterianas. Conclusão: percebe-se que há uma mudança do perfil das pessoas que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana com o aumento de casos entre mulheres e interiorização dessa patologia. Infere-se que tais achados podem contribuir para a adoção de ações de saúde direcionadas e adaptadas ao perfil evidenciado. Descritores: HIV; Infecções por HIV; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Soroprevalência de HIV; Perfil de Saúde; Enfermagem.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the sociodemographic profile and clinical evolution of patients with human immunodeficiency syndrome. Method: it is a quantitative, retrospective and descriptive research carried out in a specialized health service. The data was collected in the medical and statistical archival service, in medical records. A form containing variables characterizing the clinical and sociodemographic profile of the patients was applied. A probabilistic sample was used, which totaled 172 medical records. Data was analyzed by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: the prevalence of adult males, single, in the brown color and with a mean age of 40 years and low socioeconomic level, with prevalence of co-infections due to protozoa, followed by bacterial infections were observed. Conclusion: it is noticed that there is a change in the profile of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus with the increase of cases among women and the internalization of this pathology. It is inferred that such findings can contribute to the adoption of health actions directed and adapted to the profile evidenced. Descriptors: HIV; HIV Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Seroprevalence; Health Profile; Nursing.RESUMENObjetivo: evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico y la evolución clínica de los pacientes con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana. Método: se trata de investigación cuantitativa, retrospectiva, descriptiva, realizada en un servicio de salud especializado. Se recogió los datos en el servicio de archivo médico y estadístico, en prontuarios, se aplicó un formulario conteniendo variables de caracterización del perfil clínico y sociodemográfico de los pacientes. Se utilizó muestra probabilística que totalizó 172 prontuarios. Se analizaron los datos por el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: se verificó el predominio de hombres adultos, solteros, de color pardo y con promedio de edad de 40 años y bajo nivel socioeconómico, con prevalencia de las coinfecciones causadas por protozoarios, seguida por las infecciones bacterianas. Conclusión: se percibe que hay un cambio del perfil de las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana con aumento de casos entre mujeres e interiorización de esa patología. Se infiere que tales hallazgos pueden contribuir a la adopción de acciones de salud dirigidas y adaptadas al perfil evidenciado. Descriptores: VIH; Infecciones por VIH; Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida; Seroprevalencia de VIH; Perfil de Salud; Enfermería.

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“…CT imaging has also become important in detecting noninfectious diseases occurring with increased incidence in this population, including HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, and COPD. 58,59 …”

Section: Patients With Aids Detection Of Infections In Aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Infection

Ketai

Jordan

Busby

2015

Clinics in Chest Medicine

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Thoracic imaging is widely used to detect lower respiratory tract infections, identify their complications, and aid in differentiating infectious from noninfectious thoracic disease. Less commonly, the combination of imaging findings and a clinical setting can favor infection with a specific organism. This confluence can occur in cases of bronchiectatic nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in immune-competent hosts, invasive fungal disease among neutropenic patients, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with AIDS, and in cytomegalovirus infections in patients with recent hematopoietic cell transplantation. These specific diagnoses often depend on computed tomography scanning rather than chest radiography alone.

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Thoracic Diseases Associated with HIV Infection in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: Clinical and Imaging Findings

Cited by 39 publications

References 75 publications

HIV-related Malignancies and Mimics: Imaging Findings and Management

HIV-related Malignancies and Mimics: Imaging Findings and Management

Perfil sociodemográfico e a evolução clínica dos pacientes com síndrome da imunodeficiência humana

Imaging Infection

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