25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a Biomarker of Vitamin D Status and Its Modeling to Inform Strategies for Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency within the Population

Abstract

There is substantial evidence that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unacceptably high in the population, and this requires action from a public health perspective. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is a robust and reliable marker of vitamin D status and has been used by numerous agencies in the establishment of vitamin D dietary requirements and for population surveillance of vitamin D deficiency or inadequacy. In a wider context, modeling of serum 25(OH)D data and its contributory sources, namely dietary vitamin D supply and UVB availability, can inform our understanding of population vitamin D status. The aim of this review is to provide the current status of knowledge in relation to modeling of such vitamin D-relevant data. We begin by highlighting the importance of the measurement of 25(OH)D and its standardization, both of which have led to new key data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy in North America and Europe. We then overview how state-of-the-art modeling can be used to inform our understanding of the potential effect of ergocalciferol and 25(OH)D on vitamin D intake estimates and how meteorological data on UVB availability, when coupled with other key data, can help predict population serum 25(OH)D concentration, even accounting for seasonal fluctuations, and lastly, how these in silico approaches can help inform policymakers on strategic options on addressing low vitamin D status through food-based approaches and supplementation. The potential of exemplar food-based solutions will be highlighted, as will the possibility of synergies between vitamin D and other dairy food-based micronutrients, in relation to vitamin D status and bone health. Lastly, we will briefly consider the interactions between season and vitamin D supplements on vitamin D status and health.

Severe electrolytes disorders with the interstitial kidney alterations in the patient with the history of total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy: possible role of vitamin D deficiency

“…In the United Kingdom, 35.7% of Black, 59.6% of Asian, and 19.6% of White display 25(OH)D3 levels lower than 30 nmol/L [2]. Similar trend has been reported in worldwide [3]. In general, vitamin D is recognized as vital molecule in the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate levels; vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the diverse pathological conditions such as hypomagnesemia [4], auto-antibodies induction [5], and Helicobacter pylori infection [6].…”

“…2 Correction calcium. 3 FEK: should be less than 9% in hypokalemia. 4 U-K/U-Cr: should be less than 15 in hypokalemia.…”

Dairy products and bone health: how strong is the scientific evidence?

“…For both a vitamin D-fortified, reduced-fat cheese and vitamin D-biofortified eggs a high efficacy has been shown (73,74) . The interactions between vitamin D and other micronutrients in dairy-based foods in relation to beneficial effects on bone further underscore the importance of dairy products as a vehicle for vitamin D fortification (75) . Based on one meta-analysis (42) directly comparing the efficacy of dairy products with Ca supplements, dairy products are not better for the BMD of adults than Ca supplements.…”

“…Vitamin K serves as a cofactor for the microsomal γ-carboxylase which facilitates the post-translational conversion of glutamyl to γ-carboxyglutamyl residues in osteocalcin and numerous other vitamin K-dependent proteins. In its γ-carboxylated state, osteocalcin is a Ca-binding protein in bone, thought to facilitate the mineralisation process (75) . The overall trend in food consumption in Europe as well as in the USA is to drink less milk and more phosphoric acidcontaining soft drinks, which in turn results in a lower dietary Ca: P ratio.…”

The Relationship Between Serum 25 hydroxy Vitamin D Deficiency and Dietary Pattern in Baxshin Hospital, Sulaimani City

“…In addition, Vitamin D deficiency is related to osteomalacia and rickets in children [5] and with osteoporosis among elderly in institutions [6]. The best biomarker quantified to assess vitamin D status is the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) [7,8]. Vitamin D, also described as "the Sun Vitamin" is a steroid with hormone-like activity.…”