Non-bacterial etiologies of diarrheal diseases in Afghanistan

Elyan, Diaa; Wasfy, Momtaz; Mohammady, Hanan El; Hassan, Khaled; Monestersky, Jesse; Noormal, Bashir; Oyofo, Buhari A.

doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru096

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One hundred and sixty-five publications were included in the qualitative assessment ( Figure 2). The countries and number of associated references from which published data were obtained are: Afghanistan (1), 12 Bahrain (3), [13][14][15] Egypt (17), [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Iran (37), Iraq (3), 41,69,70 Jordan (9), [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] Kuwait (2), 80,81 Lebanon (3), [82][83][84] Libya (5), [85][86][87][88][89] Morocco (9), [90][91][92][93][94]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region

Badur¹,

Öztürk²,

Pereira³

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rotavirus gastroenteritis imposes a heavy burden on low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization defines the Eastern Mediterranean region (WHO-EMRO) as a diverse area in terms of socioeconomic status and health indicators. Rotavirus vaccination has been introduced, at least partially, in 19 out of the 22 EM countries; however, vaccine coverage remains low, and data on rotavirus disease burden is scarce.Available data on rotavirus prevalence, seasonality, vaccination status, and genotype evolution was systematically compiled following a literature review that identified 165 relevant WHO-EMRO epidemiology studies published between 1990 and 2017.Although the infectious agents responsible for acute gastroenteritis vary over time, rotavirus remained the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, as seen in 76.3% of reviewed publications. Younger children (<2 years old) were at higher risk and thus increased vaccination coverage and surveillance systems are required to reduce the rotavirus gastroenteritis burden in WHO-EMRO countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region

Badur¹,

Öztürk²,

Pereira³

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…This impact would be increasingly lower if more cases are of bacterial or non-rotavirus viral origin. The etiology of diarrhea in Afghanistan is not well understood; a study of nonbacterial diarrhea in Kabul did find that over three-quarters of the cases had rotavirus [24], although the overall proportion of diarrhea due to nonbacterial causes was not mentioned and the study sites were a convenience sample within one city in Afghanistan, whose populace is still predominantly rural. Further research should investigate the etiology of diarrhea in Afghanistan and changes in diarrhea incidence once the rotavirus vaccine has been more fully implemented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of vaccine-preventable diseases in Afghanistan from the Disease Early Warning System, 2009–2015

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAfghanistan’s public health system was neglected during decades of military and civil conflict, and trends in infectious disease occurrence remain poorly characterized. This study examines cyclical and long-term trends of six vaccine-preventable diseases: pneumonia, diarrhea, meningitis, typhoid, measles, and acute viral hepatitis.MethodsUsing weekly data collected between 2009 and 2015 through Afghanistan’s Disease Early Warning System, we calculated monthly case counts, and fit a Poisson regression with a Fourier transformation for seasonal cycles and dummy variables for year.ResultsWe found the greatest incidence of diarrhea and typhoid in the summer, pneumonia in the winter, and measles in the late spring. Meningitis and acute viral hepatitis did not demonstrate substantial seasonality. Rates of pneumonia and diarrhea were constant across years whereas rates of meningitis, typhoid, and acute viral hepatitis decreased. Measles incidence increased in 2015.ConclusionsCommunicable disease reporting systems can guide public health operations–such as the implementation of new vaccines, and permit evaluation of health interventions. For example, measles supplementary immunization activities in Afghanistan have not slowed long-term transmission of the disease, but decreases in typhoid fever and acute viral hepatitis are probably tied to improvements in sanitation in the country.

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“…Many studies have been done on rotavirus in different countries of the world. About 5% of children's deaths in Afghanistan are related to rotavirus, which shows the necessity of continuous research on this disease (16). The findings of this study showed that more than 50% of children with diarrhea referred to Indira Gandhi Children's Health Hospital were related to rotavirus has not yet improved and requires special attention from the authorities (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Prevalence of rotavirus infection in children under five years, referring to Indira Gandhi Children's Health Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan

Temori¹,

Mehrpoor²,

Niazi³

2023

ghalib

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Background: bout 5% of children's deaths in Afghanistan are related to severe rotavirus infections. The aim of this research is to investigate the status of rotavirus gastroenteritis among Afghan children referred to Indira Gandhi Children's Health Hospital from May 2018 to May 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study has conducted at Indira Gandhi Children's Health Hospital. 422 stool samples were examined for rotavirus and questionnaires were filled Results: Out of 422 children (244 (57.8%) male and 178 (42.2%) female) examined, 215 children (131 (60.9%) male and 84 (39.1%) female) were positive for rotavirus infection. Significant differences were observed between positive and negative rotavirus cases from the point of view of diarrhea duration time, frequency of diarrhea/24hours and frequency of vomiting/24 hours. Conclusion: Still more than 50% of diarrhea cases in children are related to rotavirus. The findings of this research emphasize the fact that the Ministry of Health of Afghanistan should seriously follow control and preventive strategies, especially in warm seasons.

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Non-bacterial etiologies of diarrheal diseases in Afghanistan

Abstract: Non-bacterial pathogens were identified that could enable health officials to adopt more effective treatment and control measures for diarrhea in Afghanistan.

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region

Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region

Trends of vaccine-preventable diseases in Afghanistan from the Disease Early Warning System, 2009–2015

Prevalence of rotavirus infection in children under five years, referring to Indira Gandhi Children's Health Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan

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