Trends of vaccine-preventable diseases in Afghanistan from the Disease Early Warning System, 2009–2015

Wagner, Abram L.; Mubarak, Muhammad; Johnson, Laura E.; Porth, Julia M.; Yousif, Jenna; Boulton, Matthew L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178677

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There was also a significant difference in the season in which the diseases were contracted; typhoid cases tended to rise in the fall and winter, whereas paratyphoid cases increased in the spring and summer. A previous study [22] found that the greatest incidence of diarrhea and typhoid occurred in the summer; this result is not similar to that of this study. This study suggested that the different prevalences of typhoid in the different seasons may have occurred due to the differences in hygiene or culture between Taiwan and Afghanistan.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020

et al. 2021

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The risk of the geographic transmission of emerging infectious diseases through air travel varies greatly. In this study, we collected data on cases of food-borne diseases between the years 2011 and 2020 in Taiwan to access the epidemiological features, differences, and trends in domestic and imported cases of typhoid and paratyphoid in terms of patient sex, age, month of confirmation, and area of residence. In this study, we made use of the open data website provided by Taiwan’s Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) to extract the reported numbers of cases of typhoid and paratyphoid between January and December from 2011 to 2020 for comparison. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Fisher’s exact test was performed if an expected frequency was less than 5. A total of 226 typhoid cases and 61 paratyphoid cases were analyzed from the database. The incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid per million of the population were 0.42–2.11 and 0–0.39, respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of the diseases between the age groups (p= 0.019), with a gradual increase in the 20–40 years group. A distinct seasonal (between fall and spring) variation was also observed (p= 0.012). There were 34 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2011–2015 and 12 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2016–2020. During these periods, there were two cases of paratyphoid. This study indicated that the risk of children suffering from typhoid has been significantly reduced in the last five years. Furthermore, we found that more women have acquired typhoid and paratyphoid than men, and that living in the Taipei metropolitan area and the northern area was a potential risk factor. Furthermore, the number of imported cases of typhoid (n = 3) and paratyphoid (n = 0) reported during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than that reported for the same disease from 2011 to 2020. More typhoid and paratyphoid cases were imported from Indonesia, India, Myanmar, and Cambodia. This study represents the first report on confirmed cases of acquired typhoid and paratyphoid from surveillance data from Taiwan’s CDC for the period 2011–2020. This study also demonstrates that the cases of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased in Taiwan during the COVID pandemic. Big data were used in this study, which may inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020

et al. 2021

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“…However, there have been instances of outbreak of vaccine preventable diseases in countries like Pakistan, Malaysia, Nepal, and Egypt . [43][44][45] This would emphasize the fact that cultural factors may be more influential rather than limited knowledge and negative attitude toward vaccination. 44,46 Our study reflected that the majority of the vaccine compliant mothers are educated.…”

Section: Attitude Of Mothers Toward Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of knowledge and attitude among postnatal mothers towards childhood vaccination in Malaysia

Singh

Badgujar

Yahaya

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Aim: Mothers knowledge and attitude toward childhood vaccination influence uptake is the most adequate tool and preventive aspects to infectious disease epidemics. The present study assesses and measures knowledge and attitude of postnatal mothers toward vaccination. Methods and results: The present study adopted a cross-sectional study design, whereby 200 postnatal mothers were identified during their postnatal visit to clinics. The subjects were accessed using questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding vaccination. The objectives were to study the level of knowledge, the attitude, and to find the association between knowledge and attitude of the study subjects. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. The results was analyzed through chi-square test. The association between age (p = .031), education (p = .021), occupation (p = .013), and knowledge score toward vaccination was found to be statistically significant. However, ethnicity (p = .127), employment (p = .197), and mode of delivery (p = .750) toward mothers vaccination knowledge were not significant for the study. Mothers education, age, and occupation were found to be associated with attitude toward childhood vaccination. No association was found between ethnicity, employment, and mode of delivery with attitude of childhood vaccination. Conclusion: More than half of the studied mothers had good knowledge scores on vaccination, more than two-thirds of the studied mothers had good attitude scores on vaccination. However, the religious misconception and fear of autism was the main cause of vaccine resistance in Malaysia.

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“…Child mortality is higher in Afghanistan compared with other countries [12]. Afghanistan has poor health indicators, based on data from 2015, and was reported as one of the most dangerous countries for children, with one of every 18 children dying before reaching their first year [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing vaccination coverage among children age 12–23 months in Afghanistan: Analysis of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey

2020

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Background Childhood vaccination plays a key role in reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Numerous studies have assessed the influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on child immunization around the world. There are few such studies in Afghanistan, however. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors influencing vaccination status among children age 12-23 months in Afghanistan. Materials and methods Nationally representative data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey were used for this study. A sample of 5,708 children age 12-23 months with a vaccine card and immunization history was analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify significant relationships between cofactors and vaccination status. Results In the study, 51% the subjects were boys, 48% were born at home, and 76% were residents of rural areas. Background characteristics positively associated with vaccination status included delivery in a health facility (RRR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.9-3.3), maternal age of 30-39 years (RRR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-4.1), attending at least four visits for antenatal care (RRR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.7-4.5), health facility visit in the past 12 months (RRR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4-2.5), paternal professional occupation (RRR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.0-12.3), family with richer wealth index (RRR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.4-4.1), and living in the northeast region (RRR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-3.9)were positively associated with vaccination status. Living in the southern region (RRR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.2-0.5) was negatively associated with vaccination status.

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Trends of vaccine-preventable diseases in Afghanistan from the Disease Early Warning System, 2009–2015

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020

Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020

Assessment of knowledge and attitude among postnatal mothers towards childhood vaccination in Malaysia

Factors influencing vaccination coverage among children age 12–23 months in Afghanistan: Analysis of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey

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