Organochlorine Pesticide Level Differences Among Female Inhabitants from Veracruz, Puebla and Tabasco, Mexico

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides have been used in Mexico in malaria control programs and against ectoparasites. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of organochlorine pesticides: HCB, α-β-γ-HCH, pp'-DDE, op'-DDT and pp'-DDT in adipose tissue of female inhabitants from three Mexican states: Veracruz, Puebla and Tabasco. Data analyses indicated higher β-HCH levels in Puebla inhabitants. When comparing the mean values of the pp'-DDE concentrations among the three states, no statistically significant differences were noted. A trend of increasing concentrations of op'-DDT from Veracruz to Puebla and Tabasco was observed. Significantly higher pp'-DDT concentrations in Veracruz as compared to Puebla and Tabasco were determined. Using factorial analysis of three age categories (>30, 31-50, <51) organochlorine pesticide concentrations increases with age of participants, indicating time of exposure as a principal factor of organochlorine pesticides accumulation in adipose tissue.

The Crucial Involvement of Retinoid X Receptors in DDE Neurotoxicity

“…Similarly, 10 µM or even higher concentrations have been used for studying toxic effects of DDE in Sertoli cells, CAMA-1, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells as well as in human prostate cancer cells (Liang et al 2008 ; Aubé et al 2008 ; Wong et al 2015 ). Furthermore, DDE has been found in human adipose tissue in concentration ranging from 1.49 to 2.33 mg/kg, which is equal to approximately 5–7 µM (Waliszewski et al 2014 ). Based on epidemiological studies, increased levels of DDE have been reported in post-mortem Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases brains in U.S. and U.K. populations (Fleming et al 1994 ; Corrigan et al 1998 , Richardson et al 2014 ).…”

Comparison of Organochlorine Pesticide Levels Between Human Blood Serum and Adipose Tissue

“…The results of biomonitoring studies establish a baseline of information to identify trends in levels and characterize different sources or routes of total exposure. Additionally, biomonitoring data are able to provide information about the extent of exposure at the moment the sample was collected and at the exposure period over a prolonged time (Waliszewski et al 2014). The biomonitoring data provide a measure of the biologically effective compounds (biomarkers) at the target tissue, where they are presented at a higher concentration.…”

“…The organochlorine pesticides such as DDT and HCH show extremely high thermodynamic stability with half-life on the order of years, and reveal resistance to degradation processes, becoming widespread in their geographic distribution (Waliszewski et al 2012(Waliszewski et al , 2014. These pesticides biomagnify in food chains and bioaccumulate in adipose or lipid-rich tissues of organisms including humans (Caba et al 2015).…”

“…Environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides is caused by permanent volatilization and consumption of polluted food, which tends to have small daily variations; these concentrations are indicators of a chronic exposure. In response, these persistent compounds tend to be slowly metabolized and excreted, indicating that its concentrations are stable in blood lipids or adipose tissue (Waliszewski et al 2012(Waliszewski et al , 2014. Furthermore, the general population now is exposed to low concentrations that are characteristic of environmental exposure and whose toxicokinetic behavior is proper to a single-compartment, first-order clearance model.…”

Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in snappers ( Lutjanus ) fish from the Navachiste Lagoon complex, Mexico

“…In Mexico, this OCP is restricted to be used only as termiticide since 30 years ago, but its presence is still reported (Lewi et al, 2002;Zapata-Perez et al, 2007), just as in this study in fish. According to Waliszewski et al (2014), DDT metabolites persist in the environment in cases of extreme contamination, as can occur in the soils neighboring the Guasave agricultural valley. The proportion of metabolites allows determining their historical use (Zhu et al, 2005) and the proportion of pp 0 -DDT pp 0 -DDE À1 found in this study (0.58) is similar to the findings by Montes et al (2011), which could indicate a historical contamination, probably due to run-off processes and soil erosion as Muralidharan et al (2009) stated.…”