Highly Sulfated K5 Escherichia coli Polysaccharide Derivatives Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infectivity in Cell Lines and Human Tracheal-Bronchial Histocultures

Cagno, Valeria; Donalisio, Manuela; Civra, Andrea; Volante, Marco; Veccelli, Elena; Oreste, Pasqua; Rusnati, Marco; Lembo, David

doi:10.1128/aac.02594-14

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…for 30 min at 37 °C and propagated in MA104 cells by using DMEM containing 0.5 μg of trypsin per ml as described previously [22]. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) strain A2 (ATCC® VR-1540) was propagated in HEp-2 and titrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase staining procedure using an RSV monoclonal antibody (Ab35958; Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom) as described previously [23]. Human rhinovirus (HRhV) 1A (ATCC® VR-1559) was cultured in HeLa cells, at 34 °C, in a humidified 5% CO 2 incubator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro screening for antiviral activity of Turkish plants revealing methanolic extract of Rindera lanata var. lanata active against human rotavirus

Civra

Francese

Sinato

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundHuman rotavirus (HRoV) is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children under the age of five years. No specific antiviral drug is available for HRoV infections and the treatment of viral diarrhea is mainly based on rehydration and zinc treatment. In this study, we explored medicinal plants endemic to Turkey flora as a source of anti-HRoV compunds.MethodsWe performed an antiviral screening on Ballota macrodonta, Salvia cryptantha and Rindera lanata extracts by focus reduction assay. The extract with the highest selectivity index (SI) was selected; its antiviral activity was further confirmed against other HRoV strains and by virus yield reduction assay. The step of viral replicative cycle putatively inhibited was investigated by in vitro assays.ResultsThe methanolic extract of R. lanata (Boraginaceae) showed the most favourable selectivity index. This extract exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against three different HRoV strains (EC50 values ranging from 5.8 μg/ml to 25.5 μg/ml), but was inactive or barely active against other RNA viruses, namely human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. The R. lanata extract targets the early steps of HRoV infection, likely by hampering virus penetration into the cells.ConclusionThese results make the R. lanata methanolic extract a promising starting material for a bioguided-fractionation aimed at identifying anti-HRoV compounds. Further work is required to isolate the active principle and assess its clinical potential.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro screening for antiviral activity of Turkish plants revealing methanolic extract of Rindera lanata var. lanata active against human rotavirus

Civra

Francese

Sinato

et al. 2017

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…This polysaccharide has the same structure as heparosan and may be modified both chemically and enzymatically to yield heparinoids with or without anticoagulant activity Oreste and Zoppetti, 2012). Non-anticoagulant heparinoids are particularly promising in applications in which potent anticoagulant activity is not needed, and compounds of this type have been shown to inhibit cell infection with viruses (Pinna et al, 2008;Vervaeke et al, 2013;Cagno et al, 2014) and to interact with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor antagonist gremlin (Vervaeke et al, 2013).…”

Section: E Synthetic Heparinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs

et al. 2015

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“…Highly sulfated K5 E. coli polysaccharide derivatives effectively inhibit the capacity of respiratory syncytial virus to infect humans [229]. LPS can cause, through Toll-like receptors, the induction of harmful immune and proinflammatory genes.…”

Section: Antivirals From Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirals against animal viruses

Villa

Feijoo-Siota

Rama

et al. 2017

Biochemical Pharmacology

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Antivirals are compounds used since the 1960s that can interfere with viral development. Some of these antivirals can be isolated from a variety of sources, such as animals, plants, bacteria or fungi, while others must be obtained by chemical synthesis, either designed or random. Antivirals display a variety of mechanisms of action, and while some of them enhance the animal immune system, others block a specific enzyme or a particular step in the viral replication cycle. As viruses are mandatory intracellular parasites that use the host's cellular machinery to survive and multiply, it is essential that antivirals do not harm the host. In addition, viruses are continually developing new antiviral resistant strains, due to their high mutation rate, which makes it mandatory to continually search for, or develop, new antiviral compounds. This review describes natural and synthetic antivirals in chronological order, with an emphasis on natural compounds, even when their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, that could serve as the basis for future development of novel and/or complementary antiviral treatments.

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Highly Sulfated K5 Escherichia coli Polysaccharide Derivatives Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infectivity in Cell Lines and Human Tracheal-Bronchial Histocultures

Cited by 35 publications

References 66 publications

In vitro screening for antiviral activity of Turkish plants revealing methanolic extract of Rindera lanata var. lanata active against human rotavirus

In vitro screening for antiviral activity of Turkish plants revealing methanolic extract of Rindera lanata var. lanata active against human rotavirus

Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs

Antivirals against animal viruses

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