Blood-brain barrier disruption: mechanistic links between Western diet consumption and dementia

Hsu, Ted M.; Kanoski, Scott E.

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00088

Cited by 125 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In fact, several reports have also proposed that BBB impairment may serve as a critical link between HF diet consumption and Alzheimer’s disease pathology [120,121]. A few papers have used rodent models to directly link HF diet consumption to BBB integrity and cognition [90,91,92].…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-fat diet exposure on learning & memory

Cordner

Tamashiro

2015

Physiology & Behavior

224

156

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The associations between consumption of a high-fat or ‘Western’ diet and metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease have long been recognized and a great deal of evidence now suggests that diets high in fat can also have a profound impact on the brain, behavior, and cognition. Here, we will review the techniques most often used to assess learning and memory in rodent models and discuss findings from studies assessing the cognitive effects of high-fat diet consumption. The review will then consider potential underlying mechanisms in the brain and conclude by reviewing emerging literature suggesting that maternal consumption of a high-fat diet may have effects on the learning and memory of offspring.

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Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-fat diet exposure on learning & memory

Cordner

Tamashiro

2015

Physiology & Behavior

224

156

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“…In apolipoprotein E ε3 and ε4 knock-in mice 44 -45 weeks of cholesterol enriched diet increases levels of brain cholesterol esters especially in APOE ε4 knock-in mice [4]. Moreover it has been reported that dietary and metabolic factors are implicated in the damage of the blood brain barrier (BBB), which is a system of microvascular endothelial cells that protects the brain from toxic substances, limiting the entry of unwanted blood components [5]. Thus there could be a mechanistic link among Western diet consumption (high in saturated fatty acids), BBB impairment and learning and memory deficits, and possible the onset of a dementia [6] [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cholesterol Enriched or Fatty-Acid Diets on Cholesterol and Lipid Levels in Young Wistar Rats

Cortés-Ortiz¹,

Leal-Galicia²,

Chávez-Álvarez³

et al. 2014

ABB

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Nutritional intake is a fundamental determinant of health. It is well known that cholesterol rich diets can induce several pathological conditions but detailed mechanism underlying these remains unknown. Wistar rats, an animal strain widely used in the research have been employed to study the effects of dietary interventions due to their metabolic characteristics, which are closer to the human compared to mice. The effect of some components of the western diet, combined with cholesterol in the lipid profile have been studied, but the impact of only cholesterol or fatty-acid diets in such a profile has not been yet characterized. Here we measured the effect of 6 or 16 weeks of dietary intervention with cholesterol enriched diet (CED) or fatty-acid diet (FAD) on cholesterol, triglyceride levels, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). We observed significant differences in body weight only in animals treated with CED or FAD from Week 9 onwards as compared to animals fed the control diet. There were no differences between animals fed with CED or FAD in cholesterol levels at any time point nevertheless, triglyceride levels were significantly increased as compared to control diet in animals under both diets at early time points. Finally, both CED and FAD induced a decrease in HDL as compared to control levels in treatments of more than 6 weeks, whereas LDL transiently increased in animals treated with FAD from 10 to 12 weeks, but after this period LDL levels returned to baseline, suggesting that young rats have a compensatory effect at least for the period of time analyzed here. Here we provide a temporal course on lipid profile of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDH in Wistar rats treated with CED and FAD diet that can be useful as reference for future studies.

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“…The BBB secures the brain's immune-privileged status by restricting the entry of peripheral inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and antibodies. The BBB is composed of specialized endothelial cells of the cerebral microvasculature, surrounding pericytes, astrocytic endfeet, perivascular macrophages, microglia, the basement membrane, and cell-cell junctions (Keller, 2013;Najjar et al, 2013;Hsu and Kanoski, 2014;Williams et al, 2014). As mentioned above, inflammation-mediated damage leads to BBB hyperpermeability, and S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) may play a role in the induction of BBB disruption caused by the inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase contributes to ischemia reperfusion in rat brain

Song¹,

Zou²,

Zhao³

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Inflammation plays an important role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion, which can cause severe damage to the brain and may lead to cerebral hemorrhage transformation. p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38mapk) has been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases because it is a cause of inflammation, but comparatively little research has been carried out into its role in the etiology of ischemia reperfusion. We investigated the expression of p38mapk in cerebral ischemia reperfusion to gain a better understanding of its potential role in hemorrhagic transformation (HT). One hundred rats were randomly divided into three groups: an ischemia reperfusion group, an ischemia group, and a sham-operated group. We carried out neurological deficit assessments, infarct volume measurements, histopathological examinations, and immunohistochemistry analyses. p38mapk was 2 Y.Q. Song et al. Genetics and Molecular Research 15 (3): gmr.15038492 overexpressed in the ischemia reperfusion group, which exhibited severe tissue damage and greater edema than the other two groups. These results suggest that p38mapk plays an important role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion, and may be one of the causes of HT.

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Blood-brain barrier disruption: mechanistic links between Western diet consumption and dementia

Cited by 125 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of high-fat diet exposure on learning & memory

Effects of high-fat diet exposure on learning & memory

Effect of Cholesterol Enriched or Fatty-Acid Diets on Cholesterol and Lipid Levels in Young Wistar Rats

Activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase contributes to ischemia reperfusion in rat brain

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