Mimicking pregnancy as a strategy for breast cancer prevention

Santucci-Pereira, Julia; George, Christina; Armiss, David; Russo, Irma H.; Vanegas, Johana E.; Sheriff, Fathima; Cicco, Ricardo López de; Su, Yanhong; Russo, Patrícia A.; Bidinotto, Lucas Tadeu; Russo, José

doi:10.2217/bmt.13.16

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Both pregnancy and breast cancer are hormone dependent conditions which are under direct influence of estrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) [28] Both hormonal and non-hormonal mechanisms have been suggested to explain the adverse effect of pregnancy on breast cancer risk [29]. The hormonal factors associated with pregnancy play a complex role in the occurrence of PABC along with a specific genetic background [30].…”

Section: The Effect Of Gestational Hormones On Breast Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IPCB

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Statistical reports have shown that breast and cervical malignancies are the most frequent cancers found in the general female population. As more women choose to delay childbearing, the frequency of associated breast cancer is increasing and it is now the most common pregnancy associated carcinoma. The influence of pregnancy on the risk of breast cancer is dependent on several maternal features related to reproductive, genetic and hormonal factors. The effects of pregnancy on the course of breast cancer and its prognosis are complex. It is known that breast cancer is more aggressive in younger women, but whether it is more aggressive during pregnancy in these same women is debatable. One of the reasons for which overall prognosis is diminished in pregnant women is because breast cancer is usually diagnosed at more advanced stage during pregnancy. Ranked second as the most common malignancy in the female population, after breast carcinoma, cancer of the cervix, where HPV (Human papillomavirus) infection is a necessary cause, has a high incidence of 8.9% in all races and a death rate of 2.8%. It is the second cause of cancer death in females aged between 20 and 39 years and it is now known that pregnancy can play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis as well. The aim of this review is to see how the hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy increases the risk of both breast and cervical cancers.

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Section: The Effect Of Gestational Hormones On Breast Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IPCB

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“…Several studies found IGF1 expression to be decreased with parity (48, 90–92). In a rodent model, circulating GH was reduced in parous animals leading to a reduction in mammary gland activation of the IGF/GH axis (13, 93).…”

Section: A Role For Insulin-like Growth Factor I In the Protective Efmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Mechanisms underlying the Protective Effect of Pregnancy against Breast Cancer: A Focus on the IGF Pathway

Katz

2016

Front. Oncol.

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A first full-term birth at an early age protects women against breast cancer by reducing lifetime risk by up to 50%. The underlying mechanism resulting in this protective effect remains unclear, but many avenues have been investigated, including lobular differentiation, cell fate, and stromal composition. A single pregnancy at an early age protects women for 30–40 years, and this long-term protection is likely regulated by a relatively stable yet still modifiable method, such as epigenetic reprograming. Long-lasting epigenetic modifications have been shown to be induced by pregnancy and to target the IGF pathway. Understanding how an early first full-term pregnancy protects against breast cancer and the role of epigenetic reprograming of the IGF system may aid in developing new preventative strategies for young healthy women in the future.

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“…Secondly, a possible avenue of prevention emerges: if a hormonally mimicked sham pregnancy can be induced, and a limited time of pseudo-lactation could be endured, childless women may be able to achieve the same reduced risk as young mothers [8]: the authors describe in their recent review the main changes in morphology and gene expression levels of the mammary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to known cancer-preventative conditions (pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone + estrogen). In addition, they postulate a protective mechanism induced by hCG that could reduce the cells' potential to be transformed by carcinogens.…”

Section: The Person At Risk As a Product Of Procreation (Prenatal Life)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction and Breast Cancer Risk

Hanf¹,

Hanf

2014

Breast Care

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Reproduction is doubtlessly one of the main biological meanings of life. It is therefore not surprising that various aspects of reproduction impact on breast cancer risk. Various developmental levels may become targets of breast tumorigenesis. This review follows the chronologic sequence of events in the life of a female at risk, starting with the intrauterine development. Furthermore, the influence of both contraceptive measures and fertility treatment on breast cancer development is dealt with, as well as various pregnancy-associated factors, events, and perinatal outcomes. Finally, the contribution of breast feeding to a reduced breast cancer risk is discussed.

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Mimicking pregnancy as a strategy for breast cancer prevention

Cited by 31 publications

References 69 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Potential Mechanisms underlying the Protective Effect of Pregnancy against Breast Cancer: A Focus on the IGF Pathway

Reproduction and Breast Cancer Risk

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