Pregnancy in Obese Mice Protects Selectively against Visceral Adiposity and Is Associated with Increased Adipocyte Estrogen Signalling

Pedroni, Silvia M.A.; Turban, Sophie; Kipari, Tiina; Dunbar, Donald R.; McInnes, Kerry J.; Saunders, Philippa T. K.; Morton, Nicholas M.; Norman, Jane E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094680

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Glucose concentrations during pregnancy were a predictor of adverse obstetric outcome independent from obesity as previously reported [ 42 ], but were not associated with Caesarean section rates reflecting the importance of other factors in determining Caesarean sections. Our evidence that pregnancy has more profound metabolic effects on lean women concord with previous human [ 43 ] and rodent studies, where excess glucose intolerance in a high-fat-fed group in early pregnancy was not present by late pregnancy [ 44 ] as well as other animal studies [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Convergence in insulin resistance between very severely obese and lean women at the end of pregnancy

et al. 2015

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AimsDisrupted intermediary metabolism may contribute to the adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with very severe obesity. Our aim was to study metabolism in such pregnancies.MethodsWe recruited a longitudinal cohort of very severely obese (n = 190) and lean (n = 118) glucose-tolerant women for anthropometric and metabolic measurements at early, mid and late gestation and postpartum. In case–control studies of very severely obese and lean women we measured glucose and glycerol turnover during low- and high-dose hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps (HEC) at early and late pregnancy and in non-pregnant women (each n = 6–9) and body fat distribution by MRI in late pregnancy (n = 10/group).ResultsAlthough greater glucose, insulin, NEFA and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and greater weight and % fat mass (FM) was observed in very severely obese vs lean participants, the degree of worsening was attenuated in the very severely obese individuals with advancing gestation, with no difference in triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations between very severely obese and lean women at term. Enhanced glycerol production was observed in early pregnancy only in very severely obese individuals, with similar intrahepatic FM in very severely obese vs lean women by late gestation. Offspring from obese mothers were heavier (p = 0.04).Conclusions/interpretationPregnancies complicated by obesity demonstrate attenuation in weight gain and insulin resistance compared with pregnancies in lean women. Increased glycerol production is confined to obese women in early pregnancy and obese and lean individuals have similar intrahepatic FM by term. When targeting maternal metabolism to treat adverse pregnancy outcomes, therapeutic intervention may be most effective applied early in pregnancy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3708-3) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Convergence in insulin resistance between very severely obese and lean women at the end of pregnancy

et al. 2015

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“…Such an activity of secreted WISP2 has been reported [ 48 ] and is also consistent with the increase in WISP2 expression observed as fat deposition rates decline in the older WxH and PxH genotype animals (Figure 1 E). However, direct inhibition of IMF synthesis in HGP-treated animals could also be explained by estrogen signalling, ERalpha agonists have been shown to inhibit de novo lipogenesis in vitro [ 53 ] and estradiol treatment has been shown to decrease lipogenesis and TAG storage in vivo [ 54 ]. Clearly further investigation of the mechanism of the suppression of lipid deposition in cattle LM by HGP is required.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of cattle muscle identifies potential markers for skeletal muscle growth rate and major cell types

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThis study aimed to identify markers for muscle growth rate and the different cellular contributors to cattle muscle and to link the muscle growth rate markers to specific cell types.ResultsThe expression of two groups of genes in the longissimus muscle (LM) of 48 Brahman steers of similar age, significantly enriched for “cell cycle” and “ECM (extracellular matrix) organization” Gene Ontology (GO) terms was correlated with average daily gain/kg liveweight (ADG/kg) of the animals. However, expression of the same genes was only partly related to growth rate across a time course of postnatal LM development in two cattle genotypes, Piedmontese x Hereford (high muscling) and Wagyu x Hereford (high marbling). The deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF) altered the relationship between the expression of these genes and growth rate. K-means clustering across the development time course with a large set of genes (5,596) with similar expression profiles to the ECM genes was undertaken. The locations in the clusters of published markers of different cell types in muscle were identified and used to link clusters of genes to the cell type most likely to be expressing them. Overall correspondence between published cell type expression of markers and predicted major cell types of expression in cattle LM was high. However, some exceptions were identified: expression of SOX8 previously attributed to muscle satellite cells was correlated with angiogenesis. Analysis of the clusters and cell types suggested that the “cell cycle” and “ECM” signals were from the fibro/adipogenic lineage. Significant contributions to these signals from the muscle satellite cells, angiogenic cells and adipocytes themselves were not as strongly supported. Based on the clusters and cell type markers, sets of five genes predicted to be representative of fibro/adipogenic precursors (FAPs) and endothelial cells, and/or ECM remodelling and angiogenesis were identified.ConclusionsGene sets and gene markers for the analysis of many of the major processes/cell populations contributing to muscle composition and growth have been proposed, enabling a consistent interpretation of gene expression datasets from cattle LM. The same gene sets are likely to be applicable in other cattle muscles and in other species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1403-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…We have previously suggested that one explanation might be maternal adaptations which occurred during pregnancy, so that although prior to conception, DIO dams were heavier and hyperglycaemic and hyperinsulinaemic when compared to control dams, they gained less weight and were no longer hyperglycaemic or hyperlipidaemic in late gestation [9,25]. Finally, although other studies report effects are present in F1 offspring by 6 months, it is possible that a phenotype might become more apparent in our model with ageing [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-weaning diet determines metabolic risk in mice exposed to overnutrition in early life

King

Norman

Drake

2014

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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BackgroundMaternal overnutrition during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease in the offspring; a phenomenon attributed to ‘developmental programming’. The post-weaning development of obesity may associate with exacerbation of the programmed metabolic phenotype. In mice, we have previously shown that exposure to maternal overnutrition causes increased weight gain in offspring before weaning, but exerts no persistent effects on weight or glucose tolerance in adulthood. In order to determine whether post-weaning exposure to a cafeteria diet might lead to an exacerbation of programmed effects, offspring born and raised by mothers on control (CON) or cafeteria (DIO) diets were transferred onto either CON or DIO diets at weaning.FindingsPost-weaning DIO caused the development of obesity, with hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in males; and obesity with hyperinsulinaemia in females and with increased cholesterol levels in both sexes. Exposure to maternal overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation caused only subtle additional effects on offspring phenotype.ConclusionsThese results suggest that post-weaning exposure to a high-fat high-sugar diet has a more profound effect on offspring weight gain and glucose tolerance than exposure to maternal overnutrition. These data emphasise the importance of optimising early life nutrition in offspring of both obese and lean mothers.

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Pregnancy in Obese Mice Protects Selectively against Visceral Adiposity and Is Associated with Increased Adipocyte Estrogen Signalling

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Convergence in insulin resistance between very severely obese and lean women at the end of pregnancy

Convergence in insulin resistance between very severely obese and lean women at the end of pregnancy

Transcriptome analysis of cattle muscle identifies potential markers for skeletal muscle growth rate and major cell types

Post-weaning diet determines metabolic risk in mice exposed to overnutrition in early life

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