Unfolding the Diagnosis

Lalazar, Gadi; Doviner, Victoria; Ben-Chétrit, Eldad

doi:10.1056/nejmcps1300859

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Patients may initially present with appendicitis, ischemic enterocolitis, or vasculitis-like features [ 48 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Protein-losing enteropathy, or Menetrier’s disease, can be associated, which results in edema and hypoalbuminemia [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. CMV post-infectious motility impairment presenting with gastroparesis or constipation (segmental hypoganglionosis) has also been reported [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Immunocompetent Patients: A Narrative Review

Yeh,

Wu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a potential pathogen that causes gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases regardless of host immunity. In contrast to immunocompromised individuals, immunocompetent patients lack a comprehensive overview of the gastrointestinal manifestations. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding presentations, diagnostics, management, risk assessment, and outcomes in immunocompetent patients with CMV GI disease. A thorough literature search of English publications up to April 2022 was conducted across electronic databases to identify relevant articles, with eligible case series selected for detailed analysis. The majority of immunocompetent patients affected by CMV GI disease are typically elderly, critically ill, or burdened with comorbidities that compromise immunity. Clinical presentations range from subtle symptoms to severe surgical conditions, including instances of mortality. Specific clinical presentations, blood test results, or endoscopic features are lacking, necessitating reliance on histopathological tests such as immunohistochemistry staining for diagnosis. While antiviral therapy may offer benefits in improving outcomes, careful individual assessment is warranted due to diverse comorbidities and potential side effects. Mortality rates vary considerably based on underlying medical conditions and therapeutic approaches. It is imperative for clinicians to maintain vigilance for CMV GI disease among high-risk groups, despite their baseline immunocompetence, in order to enhance clinical outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Immunocompetent Patients: A Narrative Review

Yeh,

Wu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the clinically most frequently used noninvasive diagnostic tools. 8 Convenient and efficient CT should be an option for assessing potential gastric disease in patients, especially in the emergency department. 9 Clinically, exogenous CT contrast agents are indispensable for enhancing the image sensitivity of soft tissues.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodinated BSA Nanoparticles for Macrophage-Mediated CT Imaging and Repair of Gastritis

Zhang

et al. 2021

Anal. Chem.

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The development of a specific and noninvasive technology for understanding gastritic response together with efficient therapy is an urgent clinical issue. Herein, we fabricated a novel iodinated bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle based on gastritic microenvironment for computed tomography (CT) imaging and repair of acute gastritis. Derived from the characteristic mucosa defect and inflammatory cell (e.g., macrophage and neutrophil) infiltration in acute gastritis, the pH-sensitive nanoparticles can sedimentate under acidic conditions and be uniformly distributed in the defected mucosal via the phagocytosis of inflammatory cells. Hence, enhanced CT images can clearly reveal the mucosal morphology in the nanoparticle-treated gastritic rat over a long time window comparison with nanoparticle-treated healthy rats and clinical small-molecule-treated gastritic rat. In addition, we have discovered that nanoparticles can repair the atrophic gastric mucosa to a normal state. This repair process mainly stems from inflammatory immune response caused by phagocytized nanoparticles, such as the polarization of proinflammatory macrophages (M1) to anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). The biocompatible nanoparticles that avoid the inherent defects of the clinical small molecules have great potential for accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastritis in the early stage.

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Evidence and Hypothesis in Clinical Medical Science

Pinkston¹

2020

Synthese Library

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Unfolding the Diagnosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Cytomegalovirus Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Immunocompetent Patients: A Narrative Review

Cytomegalovirus Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Immunocompetent Patients: A Narrative Review

Iodinated BSA Nanoparticles for Macrophage-Mediated CT Imaging and Repair of Gastritis

Evidence and Hypothesis in Clinical Medical Science

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