Iodinated BSA Nanoparticles for Macrophage-Mediated CT Imaging and Repair of Gastritis

Abstract

The development of a specific and noninvasive technology for understanding gastritic response together with efficient therapy is an urgent clinical issue. Herein, we fabricated a novel iodinated bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle based on gastritic microenvironment for computed tomography (CT) imaging and repair of acute gastritis. Derived from the characteristic mucosa defect and inflammatory cell (e.g., macrophage and neutrophil) infiltration in acute gastritis, the pH-sensitive nanoparticles can sedimentate under acidic conditions and be uniformly distributed in the defected mucosal via the phagocytosis of inflammatory cells. Hence, enhanced CT images can clearly reveal the mucosal morphology in the nanoparticle-treated gastritic rat over a long time window comparison with nanoparticle-treated healthy rats and clinical small-molecule-treated gastritic rat. In addition, we have discovered that nanoparticles can repair the atrophic gastric mucosa to a normal state. This repair process mainly stems from inflammatory immune response caused by phagocytized nanoparticles, such as the polarization of proinflammatory macrophages (M1) to anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). The biocompatible nanoparticles that avoid the inherent defects of the clinical small molecules have great potential for accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastritis in the early stage.

Capsaicin acts as a novel NRF2 agonist to suppress ethanol induced gastric mucosa oxidative damage by directly disrupting the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction

“…We opted for Human Serum Albumin (HSA) as the encapsulating material, given its FDA-approved status for superior biocompatibility and an excellent safety profile. HSA has also been documented to offer protective effects to the gastric mucosa 30 . As a fluorescent marker, we employed IRDye800, a widely-used near-infrared fluorescent dye in biomedical research for applications such as protein tagging and advanced imaging.…”

Advances in engineered nanosystems: immunomodulatory interactions for therapeutic applications

“…70–74 Similarly, various protein-based NPs are also used in immune modulation and therapeutic delivery in the treatment of various diseases such as acute pancreatitis, gastritis, cancer, arthritis, etc . 73,75–77 Besides natural polymeric NPs, synthetic polymer-based NPs are pivotal in immunotherapy, offering promise due to their distinct characteristics like weak functional groups, chemical inertness, and tunable mechanical properties. 78–82 The detail of polymer-based NPs are listed in following Table 2.…”

Acid-promoted fluorescent probe for monitoring endogenous methylglyoxal in tumors and gastritis

“…16,17 So far, the main clinical diagnostic tool for gastritis is the combination of an X-ray barium meal and endoscope. 18,19 However, these methods are complicated to operate, so it is of great significance to develop simple and non-invasive ways for diagnosing gastritis. Compared with normal stomach, the upregulation of MGO concentration occurs in the development of gastritis, which can kill gastrointestinal bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori.…”